NSCI200, MT2 , review seshs

all the extra missing stuff oopses

Hsc70, auxcillin

in vesicle cycle, help uncoat the vesicle

dynamin

in vesicle cycle, helps break the link between membrane and vesicle

Snare protein

involved in docking, priming and fusion of the vesicle

docking

involves GTP binding proteins

budding occurrence

happens twice in the vesicle cycle

synaptogamin

induces vesicle fusion, when bound to Ca2+

duration of electrical synapse delay

a bit more than 0.1ms delay

electrical synapse between 2 distant cells

can only occur between sister cells

what can pass through electrical synapses?

ions and small molecules (ATP, cAMP)

proteolytic enzymes

remove petides from synaptic space

neuropeptide production

• peptide is made at the cell body

• turned into neuropeptide at the axon button

large dense core molecules

are more sensitive to calcium

DAT

pumps out dopamine excess

MAO

degrades serotonin

deaminases

degrade ATP/ adenosine

FURA-2

Ca2+ dye, for calcium imaging

Dopamine D2 receptor , mGluR2

Gi coupled PCR

Beta-Adrenergic norepinephrine receptor

Gs coupled receptor

mGluR1 receptor

Gq coupled receptor, activation of PKC

muscarinic receptors

metabotropic acetylcholine receptor

• activation of parasymapthetic system

nAchRs subunits NMJ

2alpha, beta, epsilon, delta

nACHRs subunits in CNS

3 alpha, 2 beta

AMPAr structure

• three TM sdomains + pore loop

• N term outside

• C-term inside- target for phosphorylation

nAChR structure

• 4 TM helices

• N and C terminus outside the cell

glycine receptors

all ionotropic , Cl- channels

GABA-A/C structures

• 4 TM domains

• intracellular loop

• C and N term outside

• GABA binds at Alpha-Beta interface

• 2 alpha, 2 beta and one gamma

NKCC1

• in immatur neuron

• pumps on Cl-, K+ and Na+ in the cell

• makes [Cli] high

• gaba becomes excitatory

NKCC2

• in mature neuron

• doesn’t pump Cl- in

• low [Cli], so GABA is inhibitory

Caffeine

• blocks adenosine A1 receptor

• supresses transmitter release

tyrosine hydroxylate

rate limiting enzyme in the formation of catecholamines

catecholamine receptors

only metabotropic

locus coeroleus

making of norepinephrine

SN and VTA

making of dopamine

medullary epinephrine neurons

• in medulla

• make epinephrine

dopamine

• essential for voluntary movement

• loss of SN cells result in parkinson

• involved in reward pathways and important in addiction

norepinephrine

• regulates sleep/ wakefulness , attention, feeding, mood and other cortical functions

• signals sympathetic activation

epinephrine

• less wide-spread projections in the brain, and CNS function not well defined

• strong effects on periphery

5HT3

• ionotropic excitatory

• pentomeric

• related to nAChRs

serotonin

• regulates sleep / wakefulness

• mood, anxiety, food intake

• implicated in depression, schizophrenia and anxiety disorders

histamine

• involved in arousal/ wakefulness

• made in hypothalamus

CB1r

• endocannabinoid receptor

• supresses transmitter release at presynaptic neuron

• G i coupled receptor, supresses ca2+ channels

neuropeptides

• vasopressin

• oxcytocin

vasopressin

• 2 long copies means more social

• social neuropeptide

oxcyotcin

• regulate trust

• regulate fear

A1 autoreceptor

• adenosine receptors

• Gi/Go coupled

• inhibit Ca2+ voltage gated, lower NT release probability

beta gamma subunits GPCR role

• increase activation of K+ channels

• decrease activation of Ca2+ channels