CHAPTER 2: Totalitarian regimes in the between two wars Europe

Germany, URSS and Italy before WII

February – March 1917

Russian Revolution

1917 Russia

Russia is involved in WWI

April 1917

Arrival of Lenin and publication of his thesis in which he says that a proletarian revolution needs to be put in place

October 1917

Bolshevik Revolution

3^rd of March 1918

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Spring 1918 – 1922

Russian Civil War  

1922

Creation of URSS

1924 Russia

Death of Lenin and Stalin will take the head of the government

1924 – 1929 Russia

NEP

Winter 1927 – 1928

collects crisis and Stalin put an end to the NEP

1914 Italy

Italy enter the WWI alongside the Triple entente

1921 Italy

Creation of the national fascist parti

28^th of October 1922

March of Rome

Characteristics of Fascism

anti-democratic, anti-pacifist, economic dirigisme, expansionist regime, nationalist, traditionalist

1929 Italy

Latran agreement between papacy and Mussolini

Since 1918 Germany

parliamentary republic called the Weimar Republic in which there is one president and a Chancellor who is in control

1919 Germany

Adolf Hitler funded the PAP (Parti des Travailleurs Allemands)

1920 Germany

PAP became NSDAP

September 1930 Germany

100 nazis are elected in the parliament => Hitler obtained the democratic power

30^th of January 1933

Hitler is named Chancellor by the former president

Characteristics of Nazism

anti-communist, anti-democratic, anti-capitalist, antisemite

28^th of February 1933

Fire of the Reichstag commanded by Hitler, he blamed the communists

1932 – 1933 Ukraine

Holodomor

29^th to 30^th June 1934

Political purge in Germany and Hitler deleted the SA

1935 Germany

Nuremberg laws that excluded Jewish persons from the citizenship, prohibited marriage between Jewish and Aryans and prohibited liberals functions

7^th of November 1938

Assassination of a Deutsch diplomat in Paris

9^th to 10^th November 1938

Cristal Night or November Pogrom

November 1938 – August 1939

last period in which Jewish people can leave Germany without restrictions

7^th of August 1932

Law of Spikelet that condemn stealers to deportation or death

August 1937 – November 1938

Great Terror

1933 Germany

Germany leaved the international organisation “The Nations’ Society”

1934 Germany

Germany tried to annex Austria. It failed because Mussolini is against this.

1935 Germany

Hitler established the obligatory military service. He re asserted the deutsch military power which was reduced after WWI.

1936 Germany

Hitler occupied again Rhenanie

1935 – 1936 Italy

Italy occupied again Ethiopia

1936 – 1939 Spain

Spanish Civil War

13^th of March 1938

Anschluss = Integration of Austria in the Reich

1^st of October 1938

Invasion of Sudites in the North of Prague because it is a German-speaking territory

15^th of March 1939

Invasion of Bohême Moravie

29^th to 30^th September 1938

Munich agreements