4.8 APUSH - JACKSON AND FEDERAL POWER

The Election of 1824 candidates for the Democratic Republicans

1. William Crawford
2. Henry Clay
3. Andrew Jackson
4. John Quincy Adams

Corrupt Bargain

In the election of 1824, none of the candidates were able to secure a majority of the electoral vote, thereby putting the outcome in the hands of the House of Representatives, which elected John Quincy Adams over rival Andrew Jackson. Henry Clay was the Speaker of the House at the time, and he convinced Congress to elect Adams. Adams then made Clay his Secretary of State.

What did John Quincy Adams do that further alienated Jackson's followers from him?

He asked congress for money for internal improvements, aid to manufacturing, and a national university/observatory

Mudslinging

Attempt to ruin an opponent's reputation with insults

How did Jacksonians sweep "Old Hickory" into office in the election of 1828? How did Adams followers respond?

They accused Adam's wife of being born out of wedlock, Adams followers accused Jackson's wife of adultery

This caused for voter interest to soar

What caused Jackson to be called the common man?

1. He had no college education
2. he came from the working class

Peggy Eaton Affair

wife of Jackson's secretary of war was target of gossip of other cabinet members' wives, like Jackson's wife had experienced, they considered her an adulteress, when Jackson forced cabinet to be nice to her, they resigned, Calhoun resigned, replaced with Van Buren

Indian Removal Act

forced resettlement of 1000s of Indians

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia

Supreme Court case which said that Cherokees were not a foreign nation with the right to sue in a federal court

Worchester v GA

ruled that the laws of Georgia had no force within the boundaries of the Cherokee territory and supported the Cherokees.

Tariff of 1828

A protective tariff passed by the U.S. Congress that came to be known as the "Tariff of Abominations" to its Southern detractors because of the effects it had on the Antebellum Southern economy; it was the highest tariff in U.S. peacetime and its goal was to protect industry in the northern United States from competing European goods by increasing the prices of European products.

Webster-Hayne Debate (who argued what)

Hayne argued for states rights in issue of nullification and Webster attacked any idea of state leaving/defying union

South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification

When faced with the protective Tariff of 1828, John Calhoun presented a theory in the South Carolina Exposition and Protest (1828) that federal tariffs could be declared null and void by individual states and that they could refuse to enforce them, SC passed an ordinance forbidding collection of tariff duties in the state

Proclamation to the People of South Carolina

President Andrew Jackson's edict stating nullification and disunion were treason.

What was the compromise made for the tariff of 1828?

Jackson asked congress to lower the tariff

Tariff of 1833

A compromise tariff that would gradually decrease the high Tariff of 1832.

Tariff of 1832

Reduced the Tariff of 1828, but was not sufficient enough for Southerners

Nathan Biddle

managed the national bank - arrogance led to distrust of bank

True or False: Jackson destroyed the Bank of the US at the start of his second term in 1832

True

Pet Banks

State banks where Andrew Jackson placed deposits removed from the federal National Bank.

Specie Circular

issued by President Jackson July 11, 1836, was meant to stop land speculation caused by states printing paper money without proper specie (gold or silver) backing it. It required that the purchase of public lands be paid for in specie. It stopped the land speculation and the sale of public lands went down sharply. The panic of 1837 followed.

Election of 1836

The Whigs tried to eat the Democrats' national organization with an array of sectional candidates, hoping to throw the election into the House of Representatives. The strategy failed. Martin Van Buren, with significant support in every section of the country, defeated the three Whig candidates combined.

Panic of 1837

caused by not having a national bank and more

William Henry Harrison Campaign

Showed his humble origins by his log cabin and hard cider campaign- called Tippecaneo ; used a mudslinging campaign to call Martin Van Bruin "Martin Van Ruin"

What political party was William Henry Harrison apart of?

Whigs

Republican Motherhood

The idea that American women had a special responsibility to cultivate "civic virtue" in their children