Lesson 2 Philosophy | by Michi 𑣲⋆

Answer with Definition

Which era of philosophy spans the 7th Century B.C. to the 5th Century A.D.?

Ancient Era

Which group of philosophers is primarily associated with questions about the existence of another world, the concept of man and the self, and proper living?

Socratic Philosophers

Stoicism, adapted from the Greeks' concept of discipline and control, is most associated with which group?

Roman Philosophers

Which period is best described by an emphasis on proving the existence of God and reconciling Christianity with philosophy?

Medieval Philosophers

The Age of Enlightenment primarily advocated for which of the following as core societal values?

Freedom, democracy, and reason

Which branch of philosophy deals with first principles such as being, knowing, substance, cause, identity, time, and space?

Metaphysics

Which type of knowledge, under Epistemology, holds that experience is the primary source of knowledge?

Empiricism

Which philosophical approach holds that "the whole is more than the sum of its parts," in direct contrast to Reductionism?

Holistic Philosophy

Pre-Socratic philosophers primarily focused on which of the following?

The substance of reality and the nature of the world/universe

Hellenistic philosophers are best characterized by:

The spread of Greek culture to non-Greeks and an emphasis on proper conduct and ethics

Renaissance philosophers marked a shift toward:

Veering away from religion/faith-based arguments toward the individual

The Age of Reason period is best described by:

Continued movement away from theology/faith-based arguments and a declining church influence

The Modern Period (17th–18th century) is most notable for:

Significant scientific and political revolutions

Contemporary philosophers (19th–21st century) are characterized by:

An explosion of new and varied philosophical movements

In Ethics, the human capacity to choose is referred to as:

Freedom

Deductive reasoning is best described as moving:

From a general premise to a specific conclusion

Aesthetics is the branch of philosophy concerned with:

Beauty, taste, and expression through art

Theodicy is best defined as the philosophical attempt to:

Explain the existence of a higher being and the problem of evil/suffering

Which philosophical approach focuses on analyzing concepts' definitions to avoid misunderstanding and remove bias?

Analytic Philosophy

Speculative Philosophy primarily uses which type of reasoning to find an underlying explanation of reality from specific observations?

Inductive Reasoning

Reductionist Philosophy follows a Newtonian assumption that:

A complex system is nothing but the sum of its parts and can be reduced to individual properties

The Medieval Era of philosophy spans which centuries?

6th to 16th Century

The Contemporary Era of philosophy spans which centuries?

19th to 21st Century

Epistemology is best defined as:

The study of the nature of knowledge

Logic is best described as the study of:

Reasoning, with an emphasis on coherence of ideas and avoidance of fallacy

Inductive reasoning is best described as moving:

From specific observations to a general conclusion

Ethics, as a branch of philosophy, primarily explores:

The nature of moral virtue and the evaluation of human actions

Postmodern Philosophers, within the Contemporary Era, are best characterized by:

The continual development of different philosophical ideas

In Aesthetics, a central open question is:

Whether beauty is objective or subjective

Analytic Philosophy aims to avoid contradictions and bias primarily by:

Providing context to questions and analyzing concepts' definitions

In the mnemonic MEELAT (the branches of Philosophy), what does the second "E" stand for?

Ethics

Which branch of philosophy does the "M" in MEELAT stand for?

Metaphysics

Which branch of philosophy does the "L" in MEELAT stand for?

Logic

Which branch of philosophy does the "A" in MEELAT stand for?

Aesthetics

Which branch of philosophy does the "T" in MEELAT stand for?

Theodicy

In the mnemonic ASRH (the approaches of Philosophy), what does the "A" stand for?

Analytic Philosophy

What does the "S" in ASRH stand for?

Speculative Philosophy

What does the "R" in ASRH stand for?

Reductionist Philosophy

What does the "H" in ASRH stand for?

Holistic Philosophy