Chapter 11 - Cells and Batteries

Sacrificial anode

________: easily destroyed layer that is meant to be corrosive to protect another metal from corroding.

Extraction

________: the process by which metals are obtained from an ore.

Michael Faraday

________ (1791- 1867): connected concepts of stoichiometry and electrochemistry.

Corrosion

________: spontaneous redox reaction of materials with substances in their environment.

Faradays Law

________: states that the amount of a substance produced or consumed in an electrolysis reaction is directly proportional to the quantity of electricity that flows through the circuit.

Electrochemistry

________: a study of the processes involved in converting chemical energy to electrical energy, vice versa Electric current: the flow of electrons in a circuitredox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one reactant to another.

Positive ions

________ move towards the negative electrode which gains electrons and are reduced Reduction occurs at the cathode, and oxidation occurs at the anode of an electrolytic cell (same as galvanic cell)

Oxygen

________ is a common oxidizing agent.

Rust

________ is hydrated iron (III) oxide.

Chlor alkali process

________: brine (NaCl) is electrolyzed in a cell.

Battery

________: a set of galvanic cells connected in series.

coulomb

One ________ is the quantity of electricity that flows through a circuit in one second if the current is one ampere.

flow battery

Reactants continuously flow into the cell, a fuel cell is also known as a _________

Electrical current

________: the flow of electrons through an external circuit.

Brine

________: saturated solution of sodium chloride.

Overvoltage

________: excess voltage required above the calculated value.

Cathodic protection

________: another method of preventing rusting, a more reactive metal is attached to the iron object.

negative electrode

The ________ of one cell is connected to the positive electrode of the next cell in the set.

Oxidation potential

________: half- cell potential for a(n) ________ half- reaction.

Electrolytic cell

________: device that converts electrical energy to chemical energy.

Fuel cell

________: battery that produces electricity while reactants are supplied continuously from an external source.

Primary battery

________: disposable batteries that run out of reactant.

Charge (in coulombs)

= current (in amperes) x time (in seconds)