Chapter 19 Homework: Blood

Regulation of pH and body temperature, transport and protection are all functions of the Blank______.

Circulatory System

The cells and cell fragments of blood are called ___ ___: the liquid matrix of blood is called plasma.

formed elements

Plasma consists of about 91%__________

water

Formed elements make up about ______% of the total blood volume.

45

The production of the formed elements of the blood is called ______.

Hematopoiesis

Blood's homeostatic functions include ______.

• clot formation

• maintenance of body temperature

• protection against foreign substances

Increased gas diffusion across the RBC membrane and their ability to pass through small blood vessels can be attributed to_____.

Bioconcave shape

By volume, blood is typically ______% plasma and ______% formed elements.

55:45

Red blood cells ______ their nuclei during maturation.

Lose

The complex mixture of water, proteins, nutrients, electrolytes, wastes, hormones and gases is called:

Plasma

The red color of red blood cells is due to the presence of the protein:

Hemoglobin

Cells and cell fragments (platelets) found in the plasma are also called ______.

Formed Elements

What is the main function of red blood cells?

Transport both oxygen and carbon dioxide

What is hematopoiesis?

The production of blood cells

T/F: Each hemoglobin molecule consists of 6 protein (globin) chains and 6 heme groups.

False; Hemoglobin consists of 4 globin chains and 4 heme groups.

Describe how the unique structure of the erythrocyte plays an important role in its function.

• The biconcave shape has greater surface area to allow increased diffusion.

• Shape and the anucleate structure give the cell more flexibility to pass easily through small vessels.

Heme is a red-pigment molecule that contains one ______ atom.

Iron

T/F: Red blood cells do not undergo mitosis.

True: This statement is true. Red blood cells lack a nucleus, therefore they are not capable of undergoing mitosis.

In a hemoglobin molecule, what type of atom is at the center of a heme group?

Iron

Hemoglobin occupies about______ of the total volume of a red blood cell.

1/3

Each heme group of hemoglobin can carry how many oxygen molecules?

1

The primary function of red blood cells is to transport ______ from the lungs to the various body tissues

Oxygen

Hemoglobin is a protein that consists of ______ subunits.

4

Carboxyhemoglobin is carrying ______.

Carbon Monoxide

Keeping in mind the structure of hemoglobin, name the nutrient that is critical for hemoglobin synthesis.

Iron

Hemoglobin that is not carrying oxygen is referred to as______

Deoxyhemoglobin

Describe the primary function of the heme component of hemoglobin.

Heme binds oxygen

Granulocytes are leukocytes that have ______ granules and agranulocytes are leukocytes that don't have ______ granules.

Visible; Visible

A red blood cell passes through the capillaries of the alveoli of the lungs. The cell has 1,000 hemoglobin molecules that are now fully saturated with oxygen. How many oxygen molecules are bound to hemoglobin?

4000

Megakaryocytes give rise to ______.

platelets

Which component of the blood transports both oxygen and carbon dioxide?

Erythrocytes

The process that is the stoppage of bleeding is called

Hemostasis

Oxyhemoglobin

Carry Oxygem

Carbaminohemoglobin

Carbon Dioxide

Carboxyhemoglobin

Carbon Monoxide

The temporary constriction of a blood vessel caused by the contraction of smooth muscles within the vessel wall is called ______.

Vascular Spasm

Deoxyhemoglobin is _____ when compared to oxyhemoglobin.

Darker Red

Describe a platelet plug.

An accumulation of platelets that seals breaks in small blood vessels

Leukocytes that have visible cytoplasmic granules are called ______ while those without visible granules are called _____.

granulocytes, agranulocytes

Plasma proteins necessary for blood clot formation (coagulation) to occur are called ______.

Clotting Factors

Platelets are fragments of a cell type called ______.

megakaryocytes

Anticoagulants ______ blood clotting.

Inhibit

The processes that control the cessation or stoppage of bleeding are part of_____.

Hemostasis

The dissolution of a clot is accomplished by the process called

fibrinolysis

Describe a vascular spasm.

Short-lived mechanism in which the damaged vessel narrows to minimize blood loss

Patient A has received blood from patient B. Patient A has received a(n) ______.

Blood transfusion

A structure that is an accumulation of platelets that seals a small break in a blood vessel is called a platelet

plug

Which antigen is found on the erythrocytes of a person with type B blood?

B

Normally, circulating clotting factors are ______.

Inactive

In the United States of America more than 85% of the population is Rh _____.

positive

Compounds that reduce the formation of blood clots are classified as ______.

Anticoagulants

Which of the following best defines fibrinolysis?

It is the dissolution of a clot.

The introduction of a fluid other than blood to someone is called a(n) _____.

Infusion

Individuals with A blood type have ______ antigens on their erythrocytes.

A

An individual has the D antigen on the surface of his/her red blood cells. This individual is considered to be ______.

Rh+:The presence or absence of the D antigen determines the Rh blood group.