PHOSPHORUS, SODIUM, AND POTASSIUM

calcium

• phosphorus

• closely associated with _

850

• phosphorus

• around _ g in adult human

bones

• phosphorus in an adult human

• 85% in _

soft tissues

• phosphorus in an adult human

• 14% in _

extracellular fluids

• phosphorus in an adult human

• 1% in _

1250

• phosphorus

• RDA per day

• <18

700

• phosphorus

• RDA per day

• >18

small intestines

• phosphorus

• absorption-excretion balance

• absorbed in _

calcitriol and phosphate carrier proteins

• phosphorus

• small intestines

• regulated by _

aluminum, iron, calcium

• phosphorus

• small intestines

• excess of _ reduces absorption

phyates

• phosphorus

• small intestines

• _ also prevent absorption

phyates

• phosphorus

• small intestines

• _ also prevent absorption

kidneys

• phosphorus

• absorption-excretion balance

• excreted via _

calcitriol

• phosphorus

• kidney excretion

• 85-95% of filtered plasma phosphate is reabsorbed due to _

PTH

• phosphorus

• kidney excretion

• When phosphate must be excreted, _ overrides calcitriol → Inc. Excretion

aluminum

• phosphorus

• absorption-excretion balance

• _ in antacids

calcium

• phosphorus

• absorption-excretion balance

• reabsorbed with _

skeleton and teeth

• phosphorus

• bone-blood-cell balance

• bone

• 80-90% is in the _, combined with Calcium

high

• phosphorus

• bone-blood-cell balance

• blood

• _ Ph intake leads to release of PTH and mobilization of Bone Ca2+

ATP

• phosphorus

• bone-blood-cell balance

• cells

• active form is _

proteins, lipids and carbs

• phosphorus

• bone-blood-cell balance

• cells

• works with _ to produce energy

calcitriol

• phosphorus

• hormonal control

• enhances intestinal absorption but can also indirectly influence bone resorption to regulate phosphorus levels

PTH

• phosphorus

• hormonal control

• lowers phosphorus by promoting its excretion

low intake

• phosphorus

• hormonal control

• phoshate depletion

poor absorption

• phosphorus

• hormonal control

• phosphate depletion

excessive kidneys wasting

• phosphorus

• hormonal control

• phosphate depletion

glucose reabsorption

• phosphorus

• phosphorus functions

• promotes _ in kidneys

bone and teeth

• phosphorus functions

• _ formation

glucose and glycerol absorption

• phosphorus functions

• metabolism

FA transport

• phosphorus functions

• metabolism

energy metabolism

• phosphorus functions

• metabolism

buffer system

• phosphorus functions

• metabolism

diabetic acidosis

• clinical applications of phosphorus

• recovery from _

glucose

• recovery from diabetic acidosis

• phosphate is combined with _ in glycogen

growth

• clinical applications of phosphorus

• for development

sprue and celiac disease

• clinical applications of phosphorus

• hypophosphatemia

• gluten allergy

primary hyperparathyroidism

• clinical applications of phosphorus

• hypophosphatemia

muscle weakness, heart failure, metabolic acidosis

• clinical applications of phosphorus

• hypophosphatemia

• _ → death

renal failure

• clinical applications of phosphorus

• hyperphosphatemia

tetany

• clinical applications of phosphorus

• hyperphosphatemia

cation

• sodium

• major _

extracellular

• sodium

• in the _ space

100

• sodium

• average adult contains _ g

free

• sodium

• 50% _ ionized sodium

bones

• sodium

• 40% in _

cell

• sodium

• 10% in the _

1500

• sodium

• RDA for young adults in mg

1300

• sodium

• RDA for 51-70 y/o in mg

1200

• sodium

• RDA for >70 y/o in mg

lower

• sodium

• _ blood volume does not retain water

high BP

• sodium

• _ = get half the amount of salt

small intestine

• sodium

• absorption-excretion

• easily absorbed in the _

2%

• sodium

• absorption-excretion

• no more than _ remain in feces

kidneys

• sodium

• absorption-excretion

• excreted via the _

aldosterone

• sodium

• absorption-excretion

• kidneys

• under control of _

sweat

• sodium

• absorption-excretion

• kidneys

• also lost in _

equal

• sodium

• absorption-excretion

• for normal individuals: excretion is _ Intake

osmosis

• sodium functions

• water balance via _

Acid-Base Balance

• sodium functions

• together with Cl and HCO3

cell permeability

• sodium functions

• sodium pump

nerve transmission

• sodium functions

• nervous sytem

270

• potassium

• an adult has about _ g

intracellular cel

• potassium

• most can be found in _

plasma

• potassium

• _ amounts to 3.5-5.0 mEq/L

4700

• potassium

• adult intake = _ mg/day

extracellular

• potassium

• (intracellular or extracellular) is important for muscle activity

small intestines

• absorption-excretion of potassium

• readily absorbed in _

reabsorbed

• absorption-excretion of potassium

• secreted K is _

kidneys

• absorption-excretion of potassium

• excreted via the _

water balance

functions of potassium

muscle activity

functions of potassium

carbohydrate metabolism

functions of potassium

0.36 mmol K

_ is stored per gram of glycogen

protein synthesis

functions of potassium

BP control

functions of potassium

acid-base balance

functions of potassium

hypokalemia

• potassium functions

• rapid glycogenesis → _

protein

• potassium functions

• K is required for storage of N as _

lower BP

• potassium functions

• High K, _

sulfur-containing acids

• potassium functions

• potassium and bicarb buffers helps neutralize _ produced by metabolism

bone Ca

• potassium functions

• acids can act on bone and release _