Chapter 8-10 Bones, Joints and Muscles -Lecture

Humerus

Brachial bone, also known as "funny bone"

Upper arm bone

Radius

One of the antebrachial bones

Attaches to thumb

This one is bigger

Ulna

One of the ante brachial bones

Other side

Bones in carpal

Lat to Med

Proximal: Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform Distal :Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate

*Some Lovers Tri Positions That They Cant Handle

Sternum

CHEST BONE

Has three parts:

-Manubrium: top

-Body: middle

-Xiphoid process: end

Manus

Hand

Scapula

In between the humerus and calvic bone(collar bone)

Organization

humerus > scapula > clavicle > sternum

Ribs

-First 7: "true ribs" because they have Independent articulation(meaning they attach to the sternum via costal cartilage)

-8-10: "false ribs" -they fuse together, lack independent articulation

-11 & 12: "floating ribs" because they attach don't attach anteriorly just posteriorly.

Why do you get more movement from the shoulder joint than any other?

1. Glemoid cavity is shallow

2. Scapula can move

3. Shoulder only attaches to sternum clavicular joint

General structure of vertebrae

traverse > lamina > spinous

traverse > pedicle > body

C1

C1 - Atlas

More superior to the head; in contact with the occipital bone (#1)

C2

C2 - Axis

second cervical vertebra

Atlanto occipital joint

Allows you to shake your head "yes"

-articulation between the atlas and the occipital bone

Atlanto axial joint

Allows you to shake your head "no"

Disc in spine

Outside ring: Annulus Fibrosis

Inside (jelly like): Nucleus Pulpous

Head of rib

Attaches to body of vertebrae

Tubercle

Attaches to transverse process

Cervicle vertebrae

have transverse formania(holes)

Thoracic vertebrae

have articular facet for ribs

os coxae

Also known as Innomate bone

Made up of three bones:

1. Illium

2. Ischium

3. Pubis bones

hip bone

They unite and fuse at the acetabulum which is where the head of the femur inserts

Medial malleolus

Tibia + Talus

(Inside ankle knot)

Lateral malleolus

Fibula + Talus

(outside ankle knot)

Heel bone

Calcaneus

Talus

Makes up ankle joint

Pollux

Thumb

Hallux

Big toe

Lateral view of skull

From the side

Superior view of cranial floor

On top, inside of skull

Inferior view of skull

Under the skull

Frontal

Forehead

Parietal

right behind frontal (forehead)

Cornal suture

Line in between frontal and parietal

Parietal Bone(2)

Superior lateral bone of skull

Occupital Bone

All the way to the back

Lambdoid suture

between occipital and parietal

Squamous suture

between temporal and parietal

Sagittal suture

between the two parietal bones

Zygomatic arch

Made up of zygomatic process of the temporal bone and temporal process of the zygomatic bone

Process

bone growing away from main bone

Faramin

Hole (a opening)

Primary curves

Born with these -thoracic and sacrum

Secondary curves

Come later in life -cervicle and lumbar

Joint

also known as "articulation", where two bones meet

Sutures

Skull -type of fibrous joint, synarthrosis (little to no movement)

*OUR SKULL DOESNT MOVE

Gomphoses

teeth-type of fibrous joint, synarthrosis (little to no movement)

think of "gum"

Syndesmoses

tibia/fibula and radius/ulna type of fibrous joint, synarthrosis (little to no movement)

Synchondroses

epiphyseal plate and 1st rib

joined by cartilage

Symphyses

Intervertebrae disc and pubic bones

Meniscus

1. Absorb shock

2. Improves stability to the joint

Tendon

Attaches muscle to bone

Ligament

Attaches two bones of a joint together

First class joint

Fulcrum in the middle (EFR) effort, fulcrum, resistance

*Atlanto occipital joint bc its in between the neck muscles and weight of the face

Second class

Resistance in the middle (FRE)

*Openining your jaw or wheel barrow

Third class joint

Effort in the middle

*Elbow joint

Range of motion determined by

1. structure

2. strength and tautness of ligaments and joint capsule

3. action of muscles

Classes of synovial joint

1. Ball and socket -shoulder and hip joint

2. Condylar joint -radio carpal and MCP (metacarpal phylageal)

3. Saddle joint- trapezoimetalcarpal (base of thumb)

4. Palm(gliding)-carpal and tarsal

5. Hing joint-elbow and knee

6. Pivot joint-atlantoaxial joint (move side to side like saying "no"

Ranges of motion

1. Abduction- away from midline of body (kid being abducted-taken AWAY from parents)

2. Aduction- closer to mid-line of body (adding it)

Pronation

palm down or posterior

*"P"

Supination

palms UP

*handing someone a bowl of soup

Supine

Lying face up

*SOUP

Prone

lying face down (on stomach)

Dorsiflexion

toes towards shin

Plantar flexion

toes away from shin

Knee joint

1. Lateral collateral ligament: femur to fibula

2. Medial collateral ligament: femur to tibia, also attached to medial meniscus

3. ACL (Anterior cruciate ligament)

4. PCL (Posterior cruciate ligament)

Functions of muscles

movement, stability, communication, control body openings heat productions and glycemic control

Aponeurosis

sheet like tendon seen in the palmaris longus

Retinacalum

a band of connective tissue around tendons

Muscle origin

end of the muscle that doesn't move, immovable end

Muscle insertion

end of muscle that moves, movable end

Agonist

primary mover of joint

Antagonist

opposes the agonist

synergistic muscles

contracts at the same time of the agonist to assist it

fixation

contract to prevent the origin of another muscle from moving

muscle of the head and neck are supplied by cranial nerves

Diaphram

responsible for breathing

Rotator cuff

SITS

1. Supraspinatus

2. Infraspinatus

3. Tres minor

4. Subscapularis

IT Band (what forms it?)

Tensor facialata and glutes maximus

Quadriceps(Anterior)

Contains four muscles:

1. Rectus Femoris

2. Vastus lateralis

3. Vastus medialis

4. Vastus intermedialis

*Q,RV3

Hamstrings(Posterior)

Contains 3 muscles:

1. Biceps Femoris

2. Semimembraneous

3. Semitendonsus

Calf

Gastrocrieums and soleus

Trick for 3 classes of jojnt

F-R-E

Fulcrum is a 1st class joint -atlantoaxial joint (pivot)

Resistance is a 2nd class joint -wheel barrow and jaw

Effort is a 3rd class joint - elbow

*only thing that changes is what's in the middle, but this is how you can remember!