Endocrine system

All the following hormones are water soluble, except ______________

thyroxines

All the following are associated with the neurohypophysis, except ______________

portal system

Secretory cells of the adenohypophysis release all the following, except _______________________

somatostatin

When hormone levels are too low, target cells undergo up-regulation. 

True

Which of the following is a primary function of thyroid hormones (T3 & T4)?

Control of metabolism

Calcitriol helps to decrease circulating calcium levels. Calcitonin helps to increase circulating calcium levels.

both statements are false

Which of the following statements is not true of ADH.

release increases with a diuretic

The adenohypophysis releases hypothalamic hormones into the circulation. 

False

What is the main function of aldosterone?

regulate salt & water balance

PTH

Parathyroid

ACTH

Adenohypophysis

T3 & T4

Thyroid

Epinephrine

Adrenal medulla

Aldosterone

Adrenal cortex

ADH

Neurohypophysis

when would aldosterone be secreted?

Is secreted in response to low levels of sodium in the blood

Calcitriol helps to increase blood calcium levels.  Calcitonin helps decrease blood calcium levels.

Both statements are true

The effects of the endocrine system are __________ than that of the nervous system.

more widespread

Which of these hormones decreases urine production (by increasing kidney water reabsorption)?

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Name the following hormone that is water soluble.

ACTH

The adrenal cortex produces water-soluble hormones, while the adrenal medulla produces lipid-soluble hormones.

Both parts of the statement are false.

Which of these hormones alters the metabolism of many body tissues & increases liver synthesis of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs)?

Growth hormone (GH)

The zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex produces

aldosterone

Which of the following best describes the solubility of thyroid hormones (T3 & T4)?

Lipid-soluble 

If the parathyroid glands are surgically removed, which of the following would go out of balance without replacement therapy?

calcium ion levels

The pituitary gland is controlled by the:

hypothalamus

How do lipid-soluble hormones typically affect target cells?

By binding to intracellular receptors and directly influencing gene transcription.

Secretory cells of the adenohypophysis release all the following, except _______________________.

somatostatin

If a hormone is released at abnormally low levels, the receptors for that hormone will __________, which causes the cells to have a(n) _____________ response to this hormone

up-regulate -- increased 

Antidiuretic hormone:

Stimulates water reabsorption

Which of the following is a characteristic of lipid-soluble hormones?

They often require transport proteins in the bloodstream.

Which statement about endocrine glands is true?

Endocrine glands secrete products into the bloodstream.

Which hormone is released when the level of calcium in the bloodstream is too HIGH?

Calcitonin

How do lipid-soluble hormones activate their target cells?

They enter the nucleus of the cell & change its gene expression.

All the following are true of steroid hormones, except that they

are produced by the adrenal medulla 

Which of the following diseases is associated with an overstimulated HPA axis?

Cushing's

Production of functional thyroxines is dependent on which ion?

iodine

How does the process of hormone release work?

An endocrine cell releases the hormones into the fluids of the body.

Changes in blood osmotic pressure would most affect the secretion of ___________________.

ADH