Circulatory System

around town

conducting zone

N, P, L, T, B

dead space, no gas exchange

respiratory zone

Bb, A

gas exchange zone

contraction of diaphragm

volume increases, air comes in

relaxation of diaphragm

volume decreases, air exits

perfusion

delivery of blood to body’s tissues

ventilation

movement of air in and out of lungs

hyperventilation

basic pH

hyperoxia

hypocapnia

hypoventilation

acidic pH

hypoxia

hypercapnia

hypercapnia

increase of CO2

ie: COPD

hypoxia

low O2

ie: sleep apnea

hyperoxia

high O2

ie: can lead to pulmonary toxicity and inflam

hypocapnia

low CO2

ie: hyperventilating during a panic attack

acidosis

body fluids are acidic

pH lower than 7.45

alkalosis

body fluids are basic

pH higher than 7.45

diabetic ketoacidosis

build up of acidic ketones in body in diabetics

metabolic alkalosis

body’s bicarbonate levels are too high due to loss of acids

parasympathetic affect on breathing

slows, narrows bronchiole tubes, pulmonary blood vessels widen

sympathetic affect on breathing

increases breathing by widening branches and narrowing blood vessels

blood is composed of

plasma, RBC, WBC

erothrocyte

transport and filtration, RBC

leukocyte

made in bone marrow

fights infection

WBC

types of leukocytes

“Never Ever B!tch Like Me”

Neutrophils

Eosinophils

Basophils

Lymphocytes

Monocytes

neutrophils

most common, first responder to invaders to infection or injury

innate

eosinophils

parasitic response and allergic reaction

innate

basophils

immune response and allergic reaction

innate

lymphocytes

antibody production, T (cell mediated) and B (humoral immunity) cell prod

adaptive

monocytes

remove dead cells, release cytokines

innate

A+

give to A+, AB+

receive A+, A-, O+, O-

B+

give to B+, AB+

receive B+, B-, O+, O-

AB+

give to AB+

receive all types

O+

give to O+, A+, B+, AB+

receive O+, O-

A-

give to A+, A-, AB+, AB-

receive A-, O-

B-

give to B+, B-, AB+, AB-

receive B-, O-

AB-

give to AB+, AB-

receive AB-, A-, B-, O-

O-

give to all

receive O-

pericardium

double walled, encloses heart in a sac, fibrous and serous

fibrous pericardium

tough outer layer, anchors heart, prevent overfill

serous pericardium

thin inner layer, parietal and visceral layer

parietal layer of serous pericardium

outer layer that lines inside of fibrous pericardium

visceral layer of serous pericardium

inner layer that adheres to surface of the heart, “epicardium”

epicardium “visceral layer”

outermost layer of heart wall, innermost layer of the protective heart sac

myocardium

middle layer of heart wall, cardiac muscle tissue

endocardium

innermost layer, lines the chambers and valves, smooth muscle cells

ASD

atrial septal defect, hole between atria chambers

VSD

ventricular spetal defect, hole between ventricle chambers