maternal prelims

Time elapsed from start of contraction to the end

Duration

How long is early labor

30-45 seconds

How long is active labor

45-60 seconds

How long is the transition phase

60-90 seconds

End of first and start of next contraction

Interval or resting time

Start of first contraction and start of 1st contraction

Frequency

What are the 5 signs of placental separation

• Lengthening of umbilical cord

• Sudden gush of vaginal

• Change in the shape of the uterus

• Firm contraction of the uterus

• Appearance of the placenta of the vaginal opening

Number of time of pregnancy/twins/triplets count as one

Gravida

Number of pregnancies that have reached 20 weeks dead or aliv

Para

Number of pregnancies that have reached at least 37 weeks ot 38 weeks twins or triplets count as one

Term

Number of birth between 20-36 weeks twins or triplets count as one

Preterm birth

Number of pregnancies that have not reached 20 weeks

Abortion

Number of children the client has

Living

Transfer oxygen from the mother's blood to the fetus

Gas exchange

Delivers nutrients from maternal blood stream to the fetus

Nutrient transfer

Maintains the corpus luteum

Human Chronic Gonadotropin

Maintains endometrial lining and inhibits uterine contractions

Progesterone

Promotes uterine growth and blood flow

Estrogen

Regulates maternal glucose and protein

Human Placental Lactogen

The overlapping of the saggital suture line and generally the coronal suture

Molding

Mild molding

Nose

Moderate molding

Chin

Severe molding

Forehead

Always contracted in labor

Fundus

Relaxed part in labor

Upper part of the uterus

In labor what are involuntary and come without warning which pushes the baby out

Uterine contractions

The mucus plug that is fixed in the cervical canal during pregnancy but is expelled during labor

Show

This is the beginning indication of labor

Rupture of membrane or bow

Experienced as a suden gudh or slow seeping of clear fluid from vagina

Rupture of membrane or bow

The thinning of the cervix

Effacement

Cervix opens

Dilation

3 types of cervical dilation

• Latent

• Active

• Transition

Size of cervical dilation in latent

3cm

Size of cervical dilation in active

4cm to 7cm

Cervical dilation size of transition

8cm to 10cm

What are the four stages of labor

• Cervical dilation

• Delivery of fetus

• Delivery of placenta

• Recovery or post partum

When does physiological readiness for childbearing start?

During intrauterine life and full function at puberty

What does the Hypothalamus release

GnRH

What triggers the pituitary to release FSH and LH

Gonadotropin releasing hormone

What initiates the production of androgen and estrogen

FSH AND LH

Is a body organ that produces sex cells

Gonad

When does primitive gonadal tissue form

Week 5 of intrauterine life

When does the testes form in chromosomal males

7-8 weeks

When does ovaries form on chromosomal females

If the testes don't form in week 10

Are the hormones responsible for muscular development, physical growth and in the increase in sebaceous gland secretions that cause acne in boys and girls

Androgen

Where is androgen produced in males

Adrenal cortex and testes

Where is androgen produced in females

Adrenal cortex and ovaries

When does puberty hit with males

12-14

In puberty what causes the gonads to mature

Weight 45kg

What is the benefit of scrotum hanging from perineum

Maintain temperature

Which protects menopause women from atherosclerosis

Estrogen

Which part of the fallopian tube is separated in ligation

Isthmus

Where does fertilization of the ovum in the fallopian tube

Ampulla

Which part of the uterus is palpable to asses uterine growth in pregnancy

Fundus

24 year old wants to use fertility awareness method of contraception what is the procedure

Asses whether her cervical mucus is watery

What is the sign if a woman is using oral contraceptive

Swelling on both legs

Which is a factor of male infertility

Undescended testes

What is the most frequent cause of infertility to women

PCOS

In a typical 34 day cycle when is the most likely day a woman could get pregnant

Day 20

Which hormone primarily influences the development of secondary sex characteristics in males

Testosterone

What is the primary role of estrogen in women

Development of secondary sexual characteristics

Which hormone triggers ovulation

Luteinizing hormone

The menstrual phase of the menstrual cycle is characterized by

Shedding of the endometrial lining

Which hormone increases basal metabolic rate and promotes growth

Thyroxine

What does FSH do im females

Promote follicle maturation

Which hormone is released by posterior pituitary and stimulates uterine contractions during labor

Oxytocin

Which hormone is produced by corpus luteum and is crucial for maintaining pregnancy

Progesterone

What is detected during pregnancy tests

HCG

How long does a menstrual flow last

4-6 days

Which hormone initiates the menstrual cycle

GnRH

What happens in the secretory phase of the menstrual period

Thickens and prepares for implantation

How much blood is lost during a menstrual cycle

30-80ml

What are the effects of high levels of progesterone

It becomes thick and scant

What effect does high estrogen have

Thin and copious

What does a positive spinnbarkeit test indicate

Ovulation is imminent

Consistent fern patterns mean

Absence of ovulation

Typical change of menstrual flow during menopause

Spotting with heavy flow

How does the Hypothalamus regulate the menstrual cycle

Release of GnRH

What does decrease estrogen do in menopause

Hot flashes and osteoporosis

Why do women experience irregular periods almost menopause

Due to decreased estrogen

Which medication is sometimes used to treat erectile dis function

Antidepressants

Which method of contraception has a failure rate of 0%

Abstinence

Why do you subtract 18 in the calendar method

It indicates the first fertile day