Ions

What do chemical bonds do?

Link two atoms together.

What charges attract eachother?

Opposites - positive and negative.

What determines the grouping of elements on the periodic table?

The amount of electrons in their outer shell.

Why are the noble gases the most stable elements?

Their outer shells are full and they aren’t looking for anything else.

What is an ion?

An atom that has lost or gained an electron.

Why do atoms lose or gain electrons?

To make a full outer shell so they can be stable.

Do metals lose or gain electrons?

Lose (forming positive ions).

Do non-metals lose or gain electrons?

Gain (creating negative ions).

What are positive ions called?

Cations.

What are negative ions called?

Anions.

How do electrostatic forces play a part in ionic bonding?

They attract the oppositely charged ions to eachother.

What is ionic bonding?

When one atom gives an electron to another atom to stabilise them both.

How are ionic compounds formed?

They are formed by the loss and gain of electrons and held together by strong electrostatic forces between the oppositely charged ions.

Explain why ionic compounds have a high melting/boiling point.

It takes a lot of energy to break and overcome the electrostatic forces between ions.

Explain why ionic compounds are brittle.

If a strong blow causes ions to move next to ions of the same charge, they repel eachother.

Why can’t ionic compounds conduct electricity in a solid state?

The ions are so tightly locked together that they can’t move or create charges.

What is a molecule?

What is a molecule?

Atoms bonded together.

What are covalent bonds?

Bonds formed between two or more non-metal elements and are produced by sharing pairs of electrons to complete both of their outer shells.

What is valency?

The number of covalent bonds formed by an atom; this number is the same as the number of electrons needed to complete its outer shell.