EQSC 2365 Exam 3

What is equine first aid?

Emergency treatment provided until a veterinarian is available. Helps stabilize the horse, recognize illness, and prevent worsening of condition.

Normal temperature range for a horse?

99.5–101.5°F

Normal pulse rate for a horse?

28–40 beats per minute

Normal respiration rate for a horse?

8–16 breaths per minute

How do you measure hydration status?

Capillary refill — pinch the skin at the neck and observe now long it takes to flatten; should take 1-2 seconds.

First steps when colic is suspected?

Remove feed, take vital signs (TPR), check hydration and gut sounds, monitor, call vet.

What should you NOT do if colic is suspected?

Don’t give large amounts of pain killers before the vet arrives; DO NOT give banamine in the muscle; Don’t walk horse constantly

Why not give Banamine intramuscularly?

Risk of Clostridial Myositis—bacterial infection causing tissue death due to anaerobic bacteria.

When is a wound considered serious?

Over joints, severe bleeding, full-thickness skin damage, punctures, visible underlying structures, or causing lameness.

How to control hemorrhage in horses?

Restrain horse, apply pressure, assess bleeding type (arterial vs venous), call veterinarian.

Benefits of bandaging a wound?

Prevents contamination, controls bleeding and swelling, supports injured tissues.

Most common injection type for horse owners?

Intramuscular (IM) injections, often given at the base of the neck or buttocks.

What to do before giving an injection?

Consult vet, use sterile equipment, aspirate before injecting, ensure proper horse restraint.

Main component of a horse’s diet?

Forage—it supports digestion and provides structural carbohydrates.

Daily intake recommendation based on body weight?

2–2.5% of body weight, with a minimum of 1% as forage.

First limiting amino acid in horse diets?

Lysine—critical for muscle growth and development.

Difference between snaffle and curb bit?

Snaffle is mild with direct action; curb uses leverage and can be more severe.

Why maintain tack regularly?

Prevents accidents, ensures safety, and extends tack lifespan.

Key trailer safety checks before transport?

Floor condition, tire pressure, lights, hitch welds, and ensure trailer door is closed.

Why is it dangerous for horses to stick heads out trailer windows?

Risk of severe injury from passing vehicles, including broken necks or facial trauma.

What is the purpose of tack?

Tack refers to equipment used for riding or handling horses, including saddles, bridles, bits, pads, and more.

Main difference between Western and English saddles?

Western saddles have a horn and larger seat for long rides; English saddles are lighter and designed for close contact and mobility.

What is a Western saddle horn used for?

Used to dally or hold ropes during cattle work or roping.

Why is proper tack fit important?

Ensures horse comfort and safety, prevents sores or behavioral issues, and allows effective communication.

What is a martingale used for?

Training aid to control head carriage. Types include standing, running, and German martingales.

What is a snaffle bit?

A non-leverage bit with direct rein pressure; mild and commonly used for training.

What is a curb bit?

A leverage bit with shanks and a curb strap; applies pressure to chin, poll, and mouth.

What determines the severity of a curb bit?

Shank length, port height, and overall fit to the horse’s mouth.

What is a hackamore?

A bitless bridle that uses pressure on the nose and chin; common in young or sensitive horses.

What is the purpose of a saddle pad or blanket?

Protects the horse’s back, absorbs sweat, and cushions the saddle.

What are signs that tack may be unsafe?

Cracks, tears, dry or brittle leather, rusted hardware, or broken stitching.

How often should leather tack be cleaned and oiled?

After every use if possible; at minimum weekly for frequently used tack.

Why store tack in a dry, clean room?

Prevents mold, mildew, leather rot, and damage from dust or humidity.

Proper order for saddling a horse?

Place saddle pad and saddle, secure girth first, then add accessory equipment like breast collar or back cinch.

Proper order for unsaddling a horse?

Remove accessory equipment first, then undo the girth and remove saddle last.

What should you check before every ride?

Tack fit, tightness of girth, and condition of all equipment (stitching, leather,