Inorganic Chemistry

300 question-and-answer flashcards covering key facts from inorganic chemistry lecture notes: industrial processes, biomolecules, colored sulfides, historical gas names, formers, eka elements, flame tests, vitriols, mixtures, ores, gas-cylinder color codes, special solutions, trace elements, catalysts, physical distinctions, common salt names, pigments, and other traditional chemical terminology.

What industrial process is used to manufacture hydrogen?

Lane & Messerschmidt process

The Lane & Messerschmidt process is used to produce which gas?

Hydrogen

Name one industrial process specifically associated with producing hydrogen gas.

Lane & Messerschmidt process

Which industrial process is employed to manufacture sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate?

Solvay process

The Solvay process produces which two sodium compounds?

Sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate

What is the name of the process that uses ammonia and carbon dioxide to form sodium bicarbonate as an intermediate?

Solvay process

Which process is used industrially to produce sodium nitrate?

Guggenheim process

The Guggenheim process yields which nitrate salt?

Sodium nitrate

Name the industrial method associated with the large-scale production of NaNO₃.

Guggenheim process

The Dow process is utilized for the extraction of which metal from seawater?

Magnesium

Which industrial process extracts magnesium from seawater?

Dow process

In the Dow process, what metal is obtained from magnesium chloride brine?

Magnesium

Which process synthesizes ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen?

Haber process

The Haber process is primarily used to produce which compound?

Ammonia

Name the industrial ammonia synthesis that operates under high pressure with an iron catalyst.

Haber process

Which process extracts elemental sulfur from underground deposits?

Frasch process

The Frasch process is used for the mining of which non-metal element?

Sulfur

What is the name of the hot-water extraction method for underground sulfur?

Frasch process

Which metal is present in vitamin B₁₂?

Cobalt

Vitamin B₁₂ contains which transition-metal ion at its core?

Cobalt

Name a biologically important molecule that contains cobalt.

Vitamin B₁₂

Which two metals are found in the enzyme cytochrome oxidase?

Copper and iron

Copper and iron are metal centers in which respiratory enzyme?

Cytochrome oxidase

Name an enzyme that uses both copper and iron to catalyze electron transfer.

Cytochrome oxidase

What metal gives hemocyanin its blue color?

Copper

Hemocyanin, the oxygen-carrying pigment of some invertebrates, contains which metal?

Copper

Which copper-containing protein serves as the respiratory pigment in mollusks and arthropods?

Hemocyanin

The iron in functional hemoglobin is in what oxidation state?

+2 (ferrous)

Which metal ion allows hemoglobin to bind oxygen?

Iron(II)

Name the oxygen-transport protein that contains iron(II) in a porphyrin ring.

Hemoglobin

In methemoglobin, iron exists in which oxidation state?

+3 (ferric)

Which form of hemoglobin contains iron(III) and cannot bind oxygen effectively?

Methemoglobin

The ferric form of hemoglobin is commonly called what?

Methemoglobin

Which metal ion is at the center of the chlorophyll molecule?

Magnesium

Magnesium is the central metal in which green photosynthetic pigment?

Chlorophyll

Name the photosynthetic pigment characterized by a magnesium porphyrin core.

Chlorophyll

Crystalline insulin is stabilized by which metal ion?

Zinc

Which metal helps pack insulin molecules into hexamers?

Zinc

Name the hormone that is stored in the pancreas as a zinc-bound hexamer.

Insulin

Which metal is a component of the glucose tolerance factor?

Chromium

Chromium is essential in which biological factor that enhances insulin activity?

Glucose tolerance factor

Name the trace-metal complex that potentiates insulin action and contains chromium.

Glucose tolerance factor

What color is zinc sulfide?

White

Which sulfide mineral is characteristically white?

Zinc sulfide

What is the color of cadmium sulfide?

Yellow

Which sulfide compound is known for its bright yellow pigment?

Cadmium sulfide

Arsenic sulfide has what characteristic color?

Yellow

Which element's sulfide forms the yellow mineral orpiment?

Arsenic sulfide

What color is manganese sulfide?

Pink

Which pink sulfide compound contains manganese?

Manganese sulfide

Antimony sulfide typically exhibits what color?

Orange

Which element forms an orange sulfide used in matches and fireworks?

Antimony (sulfide)

What was the old term for hydrogen discovered by Cavendish?

Inflammable air

Inflammable air is the historical name for which modern element?

Hydrogen

Which element was once called dephlogisticated or empyreal air?

Oxygen

Dephlogisticated air was an early name for what gas?

Oxygen

Mephitic (phlogisticated) air refers to which inert major atmospheric gas?

Nitrogen

Which element was historically termed phlogisticated air?

Nitrogen

The name hydrogen literally means what kind of former?

Water former

Which element’s name translates to “water former”?

Hydrogen

The Greek roots of oxygen mean it is a former of what?

Acid

Which element was named for its supposed ability to form acids?

Oxygen

The word halogen translates to what type of former?

Sea-salt former

Which group of elements are collectively called sea-salt formers?

Halogens

Nitrogen’s etymology indicates it is a former of what substance?

Niter (saltpeter)

Which element’s name means “niter former”?

Nitrogen

The term chalcogen is derived from Greek words meaning what former?

Chalk ore former

Group 16 elements are sometimes called chalk formers. What is their group name?

Chalcogens

Which element was predicted by Mendeleev as eka-silicon?

Germanium

Germanium was originally referred to by what provisional name?

Eka-silicon

Which element filled the spot of eka-manganese in the periodic table?

Technetium

Technetium corresponded to which predicted element of Mendeleev?

Eka-manganese

Gallium was discovered as the realization of which predicted element?

Eka-aluminum

Which modern element was once called eka-aluminum?

Gallium

Which rare alkali metal was once predicted as eka-cesium?

Francium

Eka-cesium is the provisional name for what element?

Francium

Scandium corresponds to which predicted element in Mendeleev’s table?

Eka-boron

Which element filled the position of eka-boron?

Scandium

What color flame does lithium impart?

Carmine red

Which element gives a carmine red flame in the flame test?

Lithium

Calcium produces what color in a flame test?

Brick red

Which element’s flame color is brick red?

Calcium

What flame color is characteristic of strontium?

Crimson red

The crimson red flame is produced by which alkaline-earth element?

Strontium

Sodium imparts what color to a flame?

Bright yellow

Which element is identified by a yellow flame test?

Sodium

What color does potassium show in a flame test?

Violet

A violet flame indicates the presence of which element?

Potassium

Barium salts produce what flame color?

Green or yellow-green

Which element yields a greenish flame in the flame test?

Barium

Boron displays what distinctive flame color?

Green-bordered

Which element gives a green-bordered flame?

Boron

Blue vitriol is the common name for which compound?

Copper(II) sulfate

Copper(II) sulfate is also known as what vitriol?

Blue vitriol

Iron(II) sulfate is commonly called what?

Green vitriol

Green vitriol refers to which sulfate salt?

Iron(II) sulfate

Zinc sulfate is called what vitriol color?

White vitriol

White vitriol is the old name for which compound?

Zinc sulfate

Oil of vitriol is the historical name for which acid?

Sulfuric acid

Sulfuric acid was once commonly referred to as what?

Oil of vitriol