Unit 5 Review Questions

C

Which division of the nervous system promotes maintenance functions and controls the body at rest?

A. somatic division

B. autonomic division

C. parasympathetic division

D. sympathetic division

D

Which division of the nervous system mobilizes the body during activity?

A. somatic division

B. autonomic division

C. parasympathetic division

D. sympathetic division

A

What is the purpose of the dynamic antagonism between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS?

A. to maintain homeostasis

B. to keep all effectors inhibitory

C. to keep all effectors stimulatory

D. to keep body energy use as low as possible

B

The sympathetic division ______________ the parasympathetic division

A. compliments

B. antagonizes

A

If the sympathetic division increases heart rate, the parasympathetic division ____________ heart rate.

A. decreases

B. increases

C. doesn't influence

B

What is not a cranial nerve that preganglionic fibers in the cranial part of the parasympathetic division?

A. oculomotor nerves (III)

B. abducens nerves (VI)

C. facial nerves (VII)

D. glossopharyngeal nerves (IX)

E. vagus nerves (X)

D

What cranial nerve has the majority of preganglionic parasympathetic fibers in the body?

A. oculomotor nerves (III)

B. facial nerves (VII)

C. glossopharyngeal nerves (IX)

D. vagus nerves (X)

C

The following structures are only innervated by sympathetic fibers EXCEPT:

A. sweat glands

B. arrector pili muscle

C. skeletal muscle of small intestine

D. smooth muscles of all blood vessels

D

Reflexes that empty the rectum and the bladder are an example of...

A. compression reflex

B. somatic reflex

C. stretch reflex

D. visceral reflex

D

The receptive structures for smell are the:

a) basal cells of the olfactory epithelium.

b) supporting cells of the olfactory epithelium.

c) filaments of the olfactory nerve.

d) olfactory receptor cells and cilia.

D

Taste is 80% smell. The relationship between smell and taste is evidenced by the fact that both sensations are a type of __________.

a) photoreception

b) baroreception

c) mechanoreception

d) chemoreception

A

The cornea is actually part of the __________ layer of the eye.

a) fibrous

b) vascular

c) sensory

d) sclera

D

Visual pigments are differentiated based on the identity of the __________ protein.

a) retinal

b) vitamin A

c) 11-cis-isomer

d) opsin

C

Which structures are the visual reflex centers controlling the extrinsic muscles of the eyes?

a) Lateral geniculate nuclei

b) Pretectal nuclei

c) Superior colliculi

d) Suprachiasmatic nuclei

C

The hearing receptors are located in the __________.

a) external ear

b) middle ear

c) internal ear

d) tympanic cavity

D

Transduction of sound stimuli occurs as a result of:

a) bending of the hair cells, which stimulates the opening of the mechanically gated ion channels in their membrane.

b) a receptor potential generation.

c) release of the neurotransmitter glutamate.

d) all of the above

A

The __________ of sound waves is interpreted as differing pitches, whereas the __________ of sound waves is interpreted as loudness.

a) frequency; amplitude

b) quality; decibels

c) amplitude; frequency

d) decibels; quality

C

A synonym for the autonomic nervous system reflects its major function. The synonym is __________.

A. the peripheral nervous system

B. the central nervous system

C. the involuntary nervous system

D. the somatic nervous system

A

Regulation of heart rate at low normal levels is achieved by the

A. Parasympathetic division

B. Sympathetic division

C. Both of the above

D. No none of the above

B

How is it possible that norepinephrine can cause vasoconstriction in one location but vasodilation in another

A. Sometimes norepinephrine is released by the parasympathetic nervous system, which causes relaxation.

B. Receptor types differ in these tissues.

C. Norepinephrine is not released by the parasympathetic nervous system.

D. It can't: its actions are predictable no matter the tissue

C

Which of the following sets of conditions accurately describes the anatomy of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A. Thoracolumbar origin; long preganglionic fibers; ganglia in visceral effector organs to the spinal cord

B. Craniosacral origin; short preganglionic fibers; ganglia in visceral effector organs

C. Craniosacral origin; long preganglionic fibers; ganglia in visceral effector organs

D. Thoracolumbar origin; short preganglionic fibers; ganglia close to the spinal cord

A

The majority of preganglionic parasympathetic fibers are housed within which cranial nerve?

Question 5 options:

A. Vagus nerve

B. Facial nerve

C. optic nerve

D. Oculomotor

D

In general, sympathetic innervation of visceral organs via the lumbar and sacral splanchnic nerves inhibits the activity of these organs. This is logical because:

A. sympathetic input primes the body to enter a resting state.

B. sympathetic input is always inhibitory.

C. parasympathetic innervation is lacking from this area.

D. sympathetic activity primes the body for physical activity and temporarily shuts down noncritical bodily activities

D

Predict the outcome of an experiment in which adrenal medulla cells are treated with nicotine.

A. Blood levels of acetylcholine increase

B. Blood levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine decrease

C. The adrenal medulla is inhibited by nicotine.

D. Blood levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine increase.

A

Asthma patients suffer from attacks in which bronchiole smooth muscle constricts, making it hard to breathe. Albuterol, a common asthma medication, works through which of the following steps?

A. binds to B2-adrenergic receptors to enhance vasodilation

B. binds to nicotinic receptors and inhibits epinephrine release

C. binds to and stimulates muscarinic receptors

D. binds to B2-adrenergic receptors to inhibit vasodilation

D

Which area of the body receives no innervation by the parasympathetic nervous system?

A. Heart

B. Lung bronchioles

C. Bladder

D. Sweat glands

D

The sympathetic division is involved in which of the following processes?

A. Regulating blood pressure

B. Increasing glucose metabolism

C. Decreasing urinary output

D. All of the above

B

At the top of the autonomic nervous system hierarchy, the __________ controls most of the autonomic nervous system functions via the reticular formation.

A. thalamus

B. hypothalamus

C. limbic system

D. pituitary gland

C

Through the process of __________, seemingly involuntary activities can be voluntarily controlled.

A. hypnosis

B. biology

C. biofeedback

D. involuntary control

D

What part of the eye allows light entry and mediates light refraction?

A. choroid

B. lens

C. sclera

D. cornea

C

What part of the fibrous layer of the eyeball supports & maintains the shape of the eye and provides attachment to the extrinsic eye muscles?

A. choroid

B. lens

C. sclera

D. cornea

B

The retinal receptor that is more sensitive to light are cones.

A. true

B. false

C

If intraocular pressure decreases, what layers of the eye separate?

A. fibrous and vascular

B. anterior and posterior

C. neural and retinal

D. corneal and retinal

D

What is NOT a time when light is refracted along the visual pathway?

A. light entering the cornea

B. light entering the lens

C. light leaving the lens

D. none of the above

A

Where is the majority of the refractory power in the eye?

A. cornea

B. retina

C. lens

A

The lens becomes more dense and loses flexibility as we age

A. true

B. false

A

Parasympathetic input contracts the ciliary muscle. This loosens the ciliary zonule and allows the lens to bulge

A. true

B. false

B

Parasympathetic input relaxes the ciliary muscle. This tightens the ciliary zonule and allows the lens to bulge

A. true

B. false

A

Sympathetic input relaxes the ciliary muscle. This tightens the ciliary zonule and flattens the lens

A. true

B. false

B

Sympathetic input contracts the ciliary muscle. This loosens the ciliary zonule and flattens the lens

A. true

B. false

A

What cranial nerve mediates pupillary reflex along with the parasympathetic nervous system?

A. oculomotor nerve (CN III)

B. trochlear nerve (CN IV)

C. abducens nerve (CN VI)

D. vagus nerve (CN X)

B

Patients with myopia have an eyeball that is too short, so the image is shown behind the retina.

A. true

B. false

A

Patients with myopia have an eyeball that is too long, so the image is shown in front of the retina.

A. true

B. false

A

Patients with hyperopia have an eyeball that is too short, so the image is shown behind the retina.

A. true

B. false

B

Patients with hyperopia have an eyeball that is too long, so the image is shown in front of the retina.

A. true

B. false

C

If the left optic nerve is damaged, what happens to the eye(s)?

A. there will be complete right eye blindness

B. there will be partial blindness in both eyes

C. there will be complete left eye blindness

D. there will be partial blindness in the left eye

B

If the left optic tract is damaged, what happens to the eye(s)?

A. there will be complete right eye blindness

B. there will be partial blindness in both eyes

C. there will be complete left eye blindness

D. there will be partial blindness in the left eye

C

What type of neurons give rise to the sympathetic and parasympathetic pre and postganglionic fibers?

A. Somatic sensory

B. Somatic motor

C. Visceral motor

D. Special sensory

B

True or false, the dendrites and cell bodies of postganglionic sympathetic neurons have adrenergic receptors.

A. True

B. False

A

True or false, the muscarinic cholinergic receptors on effector cells may be stimulatory or inhibitory.

A. True

B. False

C

Of the following senses, which accounts for the majority of sensory receptors in the body?

a) Hearing

b) Olfaction

c) Vision

d) Gustation

B

Which of the following terms is a synonym for eyelids?

a) Commissures

b) Palpebrae

c) Caruncles

d) Tarsal plates

A

Pinkeye is an infection of the __________ of the eye.

a) conjunctiva

b) lacrimal apparatus

c) cornea

d) palpebrae

D

In order to turn the eye straight down, the actions of the __________ muscles are required.

a) superior rectus and superior oblique

b) superior rectus and inferior oblique

c) inferior rectus and inferior oblique

d) inferior rectus and superior oblique

A

The cornea is actually part of the __________ layer of the eye.

a) fibrous

b) vascular

c) sensory

d) scleral

B

Sympathetic fibers innervating the iris of the eye cause which response?

a) Constriction

b) Dilation

c) Papillary decrease

d) Rapid blinking

C

Focusing an object on the __________ provides the highest visual acuity.

a) rods

b) blind spot

c) fovea centralis

d) choroid

D

Glaucoma is a disorder in which:

a) the scleral venous sinus becomes blocked.

b) intraocular pressure increases.

c) the retina and optic nerve are compressed.

d) all of the above occur.

A

Sympathetic innervation is more predominant during __________.

a) distant vision

b) close vision

c) accommodation of the lenses

d) myopic vision

A

In detection of smell, odorants themselves:

a) bind to receptors and stimulate opening of ion channels.

b) are neurotransmitters.

c) are detected by chemoreceptors in the lungs.

d) are or do all of the above.

D

Which homeostatic imbalance is characterized by a howling ringing in the ears, vertigo, vomiting, and nausea?

a) Conduction deafness

b) Tinnitus

c) Sensorineural deafness

d) Meniere's syndrome

B

The middle ear ossicles serve to __________ the sound waves onto the oval window.

a) bypass

b) amplify

c) transduce

d) interpret

C

As we get older, the inability to hear high-pitched sounds first is termed __________.

a) Tinnitus

b) Conduction deafness

c) Presbycusis

d) Sensorineural deafness

B

On which of the following structures are nicotinic cholinergic receptors not found?

A. Postganglionic parasympathetic neurons

B. Sweat glands.

C. Adrenal medulla.

D. Sarcolemma of skeletal muscle cells

B

True or false, the dendrites and cell bodies of postganglionic sympathetic neurons have adrenergic receptors.

A. True.

B. False.

A

The binding of norepinephrine with beta adrenergic receptors results in inhibition of smooth muscle and stimulation of cardiac muscle.

A. True.

B. False.

A

The effect of Ach on muscarinic cholinergic receptors may be stimulatory or inhibitory.

A. True.

B. False

B

The "fight or flight" sympathetic response may include all the following, except which one?

A. Excessive sweat production.

B. Excessive production of saliva.

C. Lipolysis.

D. Glycogen breakdown.

E. Bronchodilation.

A

Which component of the ANS is known as the thoracolumbar division?

A. Sympathetic nervous system

B. Parasympathetic nervous system

C. Enteric nervous system

C

What type of neurons give rise to the sympathetic and parasympathetic pre and postganglionic fibers?

A. Somatic sensory

B. Somatic motor

C. Visceral motor

D. Special sensory

B

True or false, vasomotor tone is maintained by the parasympathetic nervous system.

A. True

B. False

B

True or false, the binding of norepinephrine with beta receptors results in slowing of the heart rate.

A. True

B. False

D

Parasympathetic effects include all the following, except which one?

A. Pupillary constriction

B. ↑ Digestive tract motility

C. ↑ Urinary tract motility

D. ↑ Heart rate

A

Spinal cord controls defecation and micturition:

A. True.

B. False.

D

Where is the primary gustatory center located?

A. Occipital lobe

B. Frontal lobe

C. Temporal lobe

D. Insula

C

The sense organs associated with equilibrium are within the

A. outer ear
B. middle ear
C. inner ear
D. tympanic membrane

B

Which of the following sensory organs is associated with static equilibrium?

A. Organ of Corti

B. Macula

C. Crista ampullaris

D. Olfactory epithelia

C

Which of the following sensory organs is associated with dynamic equilibrium?

A. Organ of Corti

B. Macula

C. Crista ampullaris

D. Olfactory epithelia

C

In which of the following pairs of senses are the hair cells mechanoreceptors?

A. Olfaction & Hearing

B. Taste & Vision

C. Hearing & Equilibrium

D. Equilibrium & Vision

B

True of false, the amplitude of a sound wave determines the pitch of a sound that we hear and is based upon the area of the basilar membrane that vibrates.

A. True

B. False

B

True of false, in the sense of hearing, sound waves strike the oval window via air conduction. As a result, the ossicles dampen the sound and transmit it through the round window. Consequently, a fluid wave then propagates through the semicircular canals, stimulating mechanoreceptors.

A. True

B. False

D

Which of the following is in the posterior cavity of the eyeball?

A. The iris

B. Aqueous humor

C. The lens

D. Vitreous humor

C

Which of the following coats or tunics of the eyeball forms the cornea?

A. Retina

B. Choroid

C. Sclera

C

My eyeball is longer than normal. Consequently, I have difficulty with distance vision. What condition do I have?

A. Emmetropia

B. Hyperopia

C. Myopia

D. Presbyopia

C

Which of the following is false regarding rods?

A. They are more numerous along the periphery of the retina.

B. They allow for night vision.

C. They have lower sensitivity than cones.

D. They have lower resolution than cones.

B

True or false, if your right optic tract was destroyed you would lose all vision from your right eye.

A. True

B. False

D

All the following occur during accommodation, except which one?

A. Pupillary constriction

B. Eye convergence

C. ↑ Refractory power

D. Relaxation of the ciliary muscle

A

Parasympathetic effects include all the following, except which one?

A. Pupillary dilation

B. ↑ Digestive tract motility

C. ↑ Urinary tract motility

D. None of the above

B

The binding of a neurotransmitter with which receptor would result in increased digestive gland activity?

A. Beta adrenergic

B. Muscarinic cholinergic

C. Alpha adrenergic

D. Nicotinic cholinergic

D

Which of the following sets of conditions accurately describes the anatomy of the sympathetic nervous system?

a) Thoracolumbar origin; long preganglionic fibers; ganglia in visceral effector organs

b) Craniosacral origin; short preganglionic fibers; ganglia in visceral effector organs

c) Craniosacral origin; long preganglionic fibers; ganglia in visceral effector organs

d) Thoracolumbar origin; short preganglionic fibers; ganglia close to the spinal cord

D

Which area of the body receives no innervation by the parasympathetic nervous system?

a) Heart

b) Lung bronchioles

c) Bladder

d) Erector pili muscle

A

Adrenal medulla is innervated by sympathetic nervous system only True or false

A. True.

B. False.

A

Effect of ACh at nicotinic receptors is always stimulatory

A. True

B. False

B

The effect of Ach on cardiac muscle is stimulatory

A. True.

B. False.

E

All the following are risk factors for Raynaud's disease Except

A. Rheumatoid arthritis.

B. Smoking.

C. Family history.

D. Cold climate.

E. None of the above.

B

Endolymph flows over the ampullary cupula within the crista ampullaris of the semicircular canals allows for which sense?

A. Olfaction

B. Dynamic equilibrium

C. Static equilibrium

D. Hearing

A

Which of the following are structures of the middle ear?

A. The ear ossicles

B. The cochlea

C. The external acoustic meatus

D. The semicircular canals

B

True or false, stimulation by the parasympathetic nervous system causes contraction of the dilator pupillae muscle.

A. True

B. False

A

True or false, when accommodating to focus on near objects, the ciliary muscle contracts reducing the tension on suspensory ligaments, causing the lens to widen.

A. True

B. False