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40 Terms
The 88 regions of the sky in which the stars form a recognizable pattern.
Constellations
Groups of ten or more stars that formed at roughly the same location and time.
Star clusters
Huge collections of gas and cosmic dust where new stars are formed.
Nebula
Very fine particles of mostly stony material.
Cosmic dust
The sun; the only star in the solar system.
Sol
The sun and every object that orbits it.
Solar system
In stars atoms of light elements combine to form a heavier atom. eg. hydrogen atoms fuse together to form a helium atom
Nuclear fusion
Earth-like
Terrestrial
Compounds involving the elements silicon and oxygen
Silicates
The inner planets are smaller rocky, and have few or no moons. Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are the four terrestrial planets orbiting the sun.
Inner planets
Irregularly shaped rocky objects orbiting the sun.
Asteroid
The ingredients that make up the object.
Composition
The outer planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, are much larger than the inner planets.
Outer planets
An imaginary sphere with Earth at the center.
Celestial sphere
A recognizable pattern of stars that is not an official constellation.
Asterism
From earths perspective, the path the sun takes across the celestial sphere.
Ecliptic
The scientific study of space.
Astronomy
Astrology is a belief, not a science, that the position of stars affects your life.
Astrology
The imaginary line around Earth, equally distant from both poles.
Equator
The half of the earth that is north of the equator.
Northern Hemisphere
The half of the Earth that is south of the equator.
Southern Hemisphere
The path Earth takes as it revolves around the sun.
Orbital plane
A distant star that is directly above the North Pole; currently Polaris is the North Star.
North Star
The dates at which Earth's poles are most tilted towards or away from the Sun.
Solstice
The dates at which Earth's poles are neither tilted towards nor away from the sun.
Equinox
The shadow cast by one astronomical object onto another.
Eclipse
Eclipses occur when the Sun's light is blocked by either the Moon or the Earth.
When do eclipses occur?
Solar eclipses occur when the Moon blocks the sun's light, casting a shadow on the Earth. Only occurs during a New Moon.
Solar eclipses
A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon completely blocks the sun.
Total solar eclipse
An annular eclipse occurs when the moon is centered over the sun, but too far away to block all of the sun's light.
Annular eclipse
A partial solar eclipse occurs when the moon blocks only a portion of the sun, crossing the sun off-center.
Partial solar eclipse
Ring shaped
Annular
The full moon travels through Earth's shadow causing the moon to darken.
Lunar eclipse
Lunar eclipses occur when the Earth blocks the Sun's light, casting a shadow on the moon. Occurs during a full moon.
When do lunar eclipses occur
The fully shaded shadow part of a shadow.
Umbra
The partially shaded part of a shadow.
Penumbra
A well-constructed explanation that uses facts and observations.
Theory
An astronomer that studies the universe's origin.
Cosmologist
To come together
Converge
Galaxies are made of more than stars and dust. Galaxies are huge collections of stars, black holes, neutron stars, white dwarf, planets, gas and dust.
What are galaxies made of?