APUSH PERIOD 2

Detailed flashcards so you don't upset mommy and get a 1.

The Encomienda Act

Spaniards were given American land and Native slaves, under the idea of spreading Catholicism.

The Caste System

a social hierarchy placing Spaniards on top, Spanish-Native below, then Spanish-Africans, Natives, and African slaves at the bottom. 

The Mission System

Aimed to convert Natives to Catholicism. It established missions throughout the Americas, often leading to the assimilation of Native cultures into Spanish colonial society.

Enclosure Movement

Took land sold in common and sold it to private parties.

Jamestown

First English colony established in the Americas; experienced famine but was saved by tobacco.

Joint-stock companies

A group of investors all fund a project or expedition. If it fails, no single person takes the whole loss, and if it succeeds, everyone wins. Jamestown was founded by joint-stock companies.

Tobacco

Cash crop that supported Jamestown's survival and economy.

Indentured servants

Workers given passage to America in exchange for years of labor.

Bacon’s Rebellion

Armed uprising by settlers demanding land and protection from Native attacks.

Puritans

Religious group seeking freedom from Protestant ideas; migrated in families.

Sugarcane

spiked a demand in African labor as the harvesting of sugarcane was very labor intensive.

House of Burgesses

First representative assembly in Virginia. It was established in 1619, allowing colonists to make local laws and gather for governance.

Mayflower Compact

self governing, followed the church, established in New England. It was an agreement signed by the Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower in 1620 that outlined the framework for governing their new colony.

Trans-Atlantic trade/triangular trade

trade between New England colonies, Africa, and British West Indies . Included the Middle Passage, where slaves were imported into the Americas, and transported through extremely rough and unsanitary conditions.

Slave trade act

Limited the number of enslaved people that could be transported at one time.

Mercantilism

Economic system aiming for more exports than imports to increase national wealth in gold.

The Navigation Acts

Required colonial trade to occur on English ships; valuable goods had to pass through English ports for taxation.

Consumer Revolution

Surge in consumer goods; wealth increasingly based on financial success rather than inheritance.

Metacom’s War

Native uprising led by Metacom to resist colonial encroachment; ended with his death.

Chattel slavery

Slaves treated as property that could be bought, sold, and inherited.

Colonial slave laws

Defined African slaves as property and made slavery hereditary; laws became increasingly harsh.

Slaves resistance

Enslaved people preserved culture, slowed work, and practiced passive resistance.

Stono Rebellion

Slave uprising in South Carolina; rebels killed colonists and burned plantations before being suppressed.

Enlightenment Movement

Emphasized reason and science over tradition and religion.

Natural Rights

John Locke’s idea that all humans are born with rights that cannot be taken away.

Social contract

Idea that governments derive power from the consent of the governed.

Great Awakening

Religious revival led by preachers like Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield, promoting renewed piety.

Anglicanization

Process of becoming more culturally and politically English.

Impressment

Forcing men into military service, especially into the British navy.