BSC2085 Lab Midterm @ Santa Fe College

What cavities are in the dorsal cavity?

Cranial Cavity and Vertebral Cavity

What cavities are in the ventral body cavity?

Thoracic Cavity and Abdominopelvic Cavity

What cavities are found in the thoracic cavity?

Mediastinum, Pericardial, and Pleural Cavities

What cavities are found in the Abdominopelvic cavity?

Abdomen (Visceral and Peritoneum) and Pelvis

What organs can be found in your RUQ?

Liver and Gall Bladder and (transverse intestines)

What organs can be found in your LUQ?

Stomach and Spleen and (transverse intestines)

What organs can be found in your RLQ?

Ascending Colon and Appendix and (small intestines)

What organs can be found in your LLQ?

Descending Colon and Sigmoid Colon and (small intestines)

What is the difference between a parasagittal plane and a midsagittal plane?

Parasagittal plane divides the body into unequal left and right portions

Midsagittal plane divides the body into equal left and right portions

What are some real life applications of anatomical sections?

Medical imaging (MRIs) and histology

What are the 11 body systems?

1. Integumentary

2. Circulatory

3. Nervous

4. Endocrine

5. Muscular

6. Reproductive

7. Urinary

8. Lymphatic

9. Respiratory

10. Digestive

11. Skeletal

What are the primary functions of the Skeletal System?

Protection, point of attachment for muscles, stores minerals, produces red blood cells, support

What are the primary functions of the Integumentary System?

Protection (first defense), thermoregulation, vitamin D synthesis

What are the primary functions of the Muscular System?

Heat, movement

What are the primary functions of the Endocrine System?

Hormone regulation, detecting outside changes

What are the primary functions of the Nervous System?

Internal communication, motor control

What are the primary functions of the Circulatory System?

Acid-Base balance, brings oxygen to various parts of the body

What are the primary functions of the Reproductive System?

Produces sex cells like eggs and sperm, and hormone production

What are the primary functions of the Respiratory System?

Acid-Base balance, absorption of oxygen, blood pH buffering

What are the primary functions of the Lymphatic System?

Protection, produces white blood cells (immune cells) to protect body, and hormones

What are the primary functions of the Digestive System?

Breakdown and absorption of nutrients, elimination of waste products, blood volume regulation, electrolyte homeostasis

What are the primary functions of the Urinary System?

Acid-Base balance, eliminates waste from body, blood volume regulation, electrolyte homeostasis

What is the magnifying power of the objective lens?

10X

What is the magnifying power and color of the lowest lens ?

4X and red

What is the magnifying power and color of the intermediate lens ?

10X and yellow

What is the magnifying power and color of the highest lens ?

40X and blue

What happens to an image that you see in a microscope?

It becomes invereted

What is the function of the nucleus?

Contains genetic material (DNA), gene expression

What is the function of the nucleolus?

Ribosome synthesis

What is the function of the Ribosomes?

Protein synthesis

What is the function of the Plasma Membrane?

Protects the cell, it is selectively semi-permeable

What is the function of the Nuclear Membrane and pores?

Protects the nucleus and has small holes so that mRNA can leave

What is the function of the Mitochondria?

Generates ATP

What is the function of the centrioles?

Important in cell division and separates chromosomes in mitosis and meiosis

What is the function of the Rough ER?

Protein synthesis

What is the function of the Smooth ER?

Lipid (fat) synthesis and detoxification

What is the function of the perixosomes?

Neutralizes free radicals and has a by-product of hydrogen peroxide

What is the function of the Lysosomes?

Has digestive enzymes that breakdown things

What is the function of the Cytosol?

Also called ICF and suspends the organelles, liquid part of cytoplasm

What is the function of the Golgi Appartus ?

Transports and packages materials in/outside of the cell

What is the function of the Microtubules?

Form the cytoskeleton and the mitotic spindle?

What is the function of the Microfilaments?

Part of the cytoskeleton

What is the function of Vesicles?

Phospholipid bi-layered organelles that surround materials that are inside of cell and across the membrane

What is the function of Microvilli?

Increases surface area so there is more absorption

What is the function of Cilia?

Hair-like projections that move materials on the surface of the cell

What is the function of Flagella?

A sperm cell's motility

Which cells do not have a nucleus and why?

Red Blood Cells and Platelets because they do NOT undergo mitosis

Which type of cell has may nuclei and why?

Skeletal muscle cells because large cells here are needed for coordination of contractions

What happens in Prophase?

The chromosomes condense, the nuclear envelope disappears, spindle fiber form

What happens in Metaphase?

The chromosomes line up at the medial plate, spindle fibers attach to kinetochores

What happens in Anaphase?

A protein separates the chromosomes by their centromere into sister chromatids

What happens in Telophase?

Nuclear membrane reappears, chromosomes are found at each pole, cleavage of the cell in preparation of cell splitting, and cytokinesis

What happens in interphase?

No cell division! A cell spends most of their time here

What are the types of tissues?

1. Epithelial

2. Muscular

3. Nervous

4. Connective

Where can Simple Squamous Epithelium be found?

Air sacs of lungs and blood vessels

Function of Simple Squamous?

Diffusion and Osmosis

Where can Simple Cuboidal Epithelium be found?

Glands

Function of Simple Cuboidal?

Absorption and Secretion

Where can Simple Columnar Epithelium be found?

Large and Small intestines

Function of Simple Columnar?

Absorption and secretion of mucus

Where can Pseudo-stratified Epithelium be found?

Trachea

Function of Pseudo-stratified?

Absorption and secretion of mucus?

Where can Transitional Epithelium be found?

Bladder, ureters, urethra

Function of Transitional?

Allows for Stretching

Where can Stratified Squamous Epithelium be found?

Vagina, lips, cornea, anus

Function of Stratified Squamous (non-keratinized)?

Protection

Where can Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium be found?

Epidermis of skin

Function of Keratinized Stratified Squamous?

Protection, water-proofing

Where can Areolar tissue be found?

Papillary layer of dermis

Function of Areolar?

Protects and supports

Where can Adipose tissue be found?

Hypodermis, breasts

Function of Adipose?

Support and protection, insulation?

Where can Reticular tissue be found?

Liver and Spleen

Function of Reticular?

Framework of organs

Where can Dense Irregular tissue be found?

Reticular layer of the dermis

Function of Dense Irregular?

Able to stretched in multiple direction

Where can Dense Regular tissue be found?

Tendons and ligaments

Function of Dense Regular ?

Stretches, able to be pulled in one direction

Where can Elastic Connective tissue be found?

Arteries and Lungs

Function of Elastic CT?

Stretches

Where can the liquid connective tissue blood be found?

Circulatory system

Function of Blood?

Immune response, distribution of Oxygen

Where can Hyaline Cartilage be found?

The end of Long bones and trachea rings

Function of Hyaline?

Easy movement and support, very thin

Where can Elastic Cartilage be found?

Tips of Ears

Function of Elastic Cartilage?

Shape

Where can Fibrocartilage be found?

Intervertebral disks

Function of Fibrocartilage?

Forms intervertebral disks, support

Where can Smooth muscles be found?

Digestive organs

Characteristics of Smooth Muscles?

One nuclei, involuntary, no striations, tapered shape

Where can Cardiac Muscles be found?

The heart

Characteristics of Cardiac Muscles?

One nuclei, involuntary, branched shape, striated, has intercalated disks

Where can Skeletal Muscles be found?

More than one nuclei, voluntary, cylindrical shape, striated

What is the deepest layer of the epidermis?

Stratum Basale

What is the most superficial layer of the epidermis?

Stratum Corneum

Function of Stratum Corneum?

Resistant to abrasion and waterloss

Function of Stratum Lucidum?

Only found in thick skin, clear/pale layer, no nuclei

Function of Stratum Grandulosum?

Dark because of the granules

Function of the Stratum Spinosum?

Thickest layer in thin skin, Has a lot of Keratinocytes

Function of Stratum Basale?

Has stem cells that produce keratinocytes and melanocytes