Chapter 32- Musculoskeletal Trauma

Axial skeleton

Portion of the skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column

Appendicular skeleton

Bones of the limbs and limb girdles that are attached to the axial skeleton

Joints

places where bones articulate, or meet, and they are a critical element in the body's ability to move.

3 types of muscles

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Direct force

An example of direct force is a person being struck by an automobile, causing crushed tissue and fractures.

Twisting force

Twisting or rotational forces can cause stretching or tearing of muscles and ligaments, as well as broken bones, such as occur when a ski digs into the snow while the skier’s body rotates.

Indirect force

These types of injuries are the result of impacts elsewhere in the body, such as falling on an outstretched arm and breaking the clavicle.

Comminuted fracture

bone breaks into many fragments

Greenstick fracture

bending and incomplete break of a bone; most often seen in children

angulated fracture

fracture in which the broken bone segments are at an angle to each other

Sprain

A sprain is caused by the stretching and tearing of ligaments. It is most commonly associated with joint injuries.

Strain

A strain is a muscle injury caused by overstretching or overexertion of the muscle.

compartment syndrome

If trauma from a bone fracture or crush injury causes serious bleeding of the muscle, pressure builds up in the fibrous walled compartment of the muscle. As the pressure builds, it will begin to compress the arteries, veins, and nerves within the compartment

Bones

hard but flexible living structures that provide support for the body and protection to vital organs.

Cartilage

tough tissue that covers the joint ends of bones and helps to form certain body parts, such as the ear.

Closed extremity injury

an injury to an extremity with no associated opening in the ski

Crepitus

grating sensation or sound made when fractured bone ends rub together

Dislocation

displacement of a bone from its joint

ligaments

Connect bone to bone

tendons

Connect muscle to bone