EMT 1-4 Test Study Guide

What is the ERG?

Emergency Response Guidebook; A guide for hazardous materials incident

What number do you use to identify a hazardous material in the ERG?

The UN number on the placard

What is the biggest rule when dealing with hazardous materials?

Maintain a safe distance

What should EMTs do when approaching a potentially dangerous scene?

Recognize, React, Report (3 R’s)

What does BLOT stand for?

Blanket -> Lay supine -> Oxygen -> Transport

What is the purpose of the BLOT protocol?

To provide basic care for a patient experiencing shock

What does the sympathetic nervous system control during stress?

The fight or flight response

What hormone is associated with the sympathetic nervous system in stress response?

Adrenaline

What is general adaption syndrome?

A three stage model describing physical and physiological changes your body goes through during stress

Alarm: Fight or flight, sympathetic nervous system, adrenaline

Resistance: Body attempts to cope with the stressor

Exhaustion: Ability to resist or adapt to stress is reduced

1966?

The Department of Transportation developed national EMS standards

What was founded in 1970?

The National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians (NREMT)

What happened in 1973?

National EMS System Act

What does NHTSA stand for?

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

What federal department is NHTSA part of?

The Department of Transportation

What is the purpose of LEMSA?

To establish and oversee local EMS policies, procedures, and regulations

What is the purpose of the National EMS systems act?

To promote uniformity in EMS systems

What is the purpose of NREMT certification in California?

It is required for California EMT certification

PSAP?

Public safety answering point

Personal traits expected of an EMT?

Self motivation, cleanliness, morality, respect, leadership, emotional stability, resourcefulness, and cooperation

What are examples of good EMT habits?

Controlled communication, listening, fairness, exercise, avoiding judgment

What is required for proper N95 mask sealing?

Shaved beard facial hair

Hepatitis?

Hepatitis: Inflammation of the liver

Can survive on surfaces in dried blood for days

Hepatitis A - Fecal Matter

Hepatitis B & C - Blood exposure / certain body fluids

Hep B has vaccine

HIV / Aids?

HIV attacks immune system, AIDS is later stage of HIV

Specific body fluids and blood

Tuberculosis?

CISM?

Critical Incident Stress Management

CISD?

Critical Incident Stress Debriefing

When is CISD generally conducted?

24-72 hours

What is the purpose of CISD?

To help responders process and defuse stress after a critical incident

What is compassion fatigue?

Emotional numbing caused by negative coping behaviors

Consent?

Permission to assess, treat, or transport a patient

What can happen if an EMT forces unwanted care or transport?

The EMT may commit assault or battery

Assault vs battery

Assault - Insult | Battery - Beat

Assault: Threat or fear of harm

Battery: Actual physical contact

What should an EMT do when a patient refuses care?

Attempt to persuade the patient, consult MD, assess decision making capacity

Elements of Negligence?

Duty to act

Breach of Duty - Failure to meet the standard of care, proximate causation, and harm

Proximate causation?

The patient’s harm was caused by the EMT’s action or inaction

What do Good Samaritan laws generally protect?

People who provide good faith emergency care within their training, does not apply to gross negligence or violation of law

HIPPA

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

Protects patient confidentiality and private health information

What types of situations require special reporting within 24 hours?

Child, elder, domestic, and sexual abuse

Human trafficking

Violence

Animal bites