Plant Biology Flashcards

Flashcards for plant biology lecture review.

Plants can be divided into two taxons based on how they ___.

Spores and seeds.

Plants which produce spores are ___ plants.

Non-flowering

The two groups of spore-making plants are ___.

Mosses and liverworts, and ferns.

Ferns have leaves, true roots and strong stems as well as a ___ to move water throughout the plant.

Vascular System

Plants which make seeds can be divided into two groups: ___.

Gymnosperms and angiosperms

Gymnosperms are also called ___.

Conifers

Angiosperms have ___ that contain organs for sexual reproduction.

Flowers

Plants have five basic structures: ___.

Leaves, a stem, roots, flowers, and fruits.

Roots have many functions including: ___.

Take water and minerals, anchor the plant, and store extra food.

The two types of root systems are ___.

Fibrous and taproot.

Each root has ___ at its end to increase the surface area for taking in water.

Root hairs

Each root has a ___ to protect the dividing cells.

Root cap

Functions of a stem include: __.

Support, keep upright, store food, and transport water and food.

Two classifications of plants, based on the composition of their stems, are __.

Woody and Herbaceous

The places where the petioles are attached to the stem are called __.

Nodes

In plants, water and food are transported through specialized vessels: the __.

Xylem and phloem vessels

The xylem and phloem vessels are organized in bundles, these are called the __.

Vascular bundles

The two main parts of a leaf are the __.

Blade and petiole

Evaporation of water from the leaves is called __.

Transpiration

The photosynthesis layer of a leaf contains cells with a lot of __.

Chloroplasts

In the lower outer layer of a leaf are the __.

Stomata

The food that plants make during photosynthesis is __.

Glucose

Chloroplasts contain a green substance called __.

Chlorophyll

Plants need ___ to perform photosynthesis.

Water, carbon dioxide, sunlight and suitable temperature.

Water, carbon dioxide, sunlight and suitable temperature, that affect the rate of photosynthesis are called __.

Limiting factors

Glucose is used in ___ to release energy for the plant’s cells to use.

Respiration

A plant needs to produce ___ which contain male and female reproductive cells.

Flowers.

At the bottom of the flower, attached to the stalk, you find the __.

Sepals

The colorful parts of a flower are called __.

Petals

The ___ is the male reproductive organ of a flower.

Stamen

The ___ is the female reproductive organ in the middle of the flower.

Carpel

A carpel consists of a ___.

Stigma, style, and ovary.

In the ovary you find the __.

Ovules