Fussmann 7: Platyhelminthes

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17 Terms

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Rouphozoa

Clade containing Platyhelminthes and Gastrotricha

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Gastrotricha

Member of Rouphozoa, sister group of Platyhelminthes

Minute aquatic animals found in marine and freshwater habitats

Glide on surfaces using ventral cilia

Eat bacteria and unicellular protists

No coelom

<p>Member of Rouphozoa, sister group of Platyhelminthes</p><p>Minute aquatic animals found in marine and freshwater habitats</p><p>Glide on surfaces using ventral cilia</p><p>Eat bacteria and unicellular protists</p><p>No coelom</p>
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Platyhelminthes

  • “Flatworms”

  • ~24,00-30,000 species

  • Free-living marine, freshwater, and terrestrial forms

  • Many affect vertebrate health

  • Acoelomate, with ciliated epidermis

    • No circulatory or respiratory systems

    • Either small or flattened body

  • Spiral cleavage

  • Complex reproductive systems

  • Flame cells (protonephridia) for excretion

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Common Planarian body plan

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Common Planarian body systems

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Catenulida

Subgroup of Platyhelminthes

Ex: Stenostomum: freshwater, often reproduces vegetatively to form chains of zooids

<p>Subgroup of Platyhelminthes</p><p>Ex: <em>Stenostomum</em>: freshwater, often reproduces vegetatively to form chains of zooids</p>
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Macrostomida

Subgroup of Platyhelminthes

<p>Subgroup of Platyhelminthes</p>
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Polycladida

Subgroup of Platyhelminthes

  • Marine flatworms

  • Colourful, diverse

<p>Subgroup of Platyhelminthes</p><ul><li><p>Marine flatworms</p></li><li><p>Colourful, diverse</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Tricladida

Subgroup of Platyhelminthes

  • Three branches of the digestive system

  • Some terrestrial - humid environments

<p>Subgroup of Platyhelminthes</p><ul><li><p>Three branches of the digestive system</p></li><li><p>Some terrestrial - humid environments</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Turbellaria

A paraphyletic Platyhelminthes group containing Catenulida, Macrostomida, Polycladida, and Tricladida

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Neodermata

Platyhelminthes subgroup

Shared derived character: tegument

All parasitic

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The tegument

A syncytial layer surrounding the body of neodermata

<p>A syncytial layer surrounding the body of neodermata</p>
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Trematoda

  • Subgroup of Platyhelminthes

  • Part of Neodermata

  • Internal parasites with a complex life cycle

  • Final host is a vertebrate

  • Ex:

    • Digenetic flukes (such as sheep liver flukes)

    • Schistosomiasis

<ul><li><p>Subgroup of Platyhelminthes</p></li><li><p>Part of Neodermata</p></li><li><p>Internal parasites with a complex life cycle</p></li><li><p>Final host is a vertebrate</p></li><li><p>Ex:</p><ul><li><p>Digenetic flukes (such as sheep liver flukes)</p></li><li><p>Schistosomiasis</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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Monogenea

  • Platyhelminthes subgroup

  • Part of Neodermata

  • Small ectoparasitic worms

  • Mainly on skin/ gills of fish

  • Pass directly from one host individual to another of the same species

<ul><li><p>Platyhelminthes subgroup</p></li><li><p>Part of Neodermata</p></li><li><p>Small ectoparasitic worms</p></li><li><p>Mainly on skin/ gills of fish</p></li><li><p>Pass directly from one host individual to another of the same species</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Cestoda

  • Tapeworms

  • Platyhelminthes subgroup

  • Part of Neodermata

  • Have at least one intermediate host

<ul><li><p>Tapeworms</p></li><li><p>Platyhelminthes subgroup</p></li><li><p>Part of Neodermata</p></li><li><p>Have at least one intermediate host</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Scolex

  • Used by Cestoda to anchor to the host’s gut wall

<ul><li><p>Used by Cestoda to anchor to the host’s gut wall</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Strobila

  • Non-scolex part of tapeworm body

  • Made up of identical segments (proglottids)

  • Each with independent digestive, excretory, and reproductive system