Pharm Tech- Ch 1

William Harvey

1628- Blood circulation through the heart

James Lind

1747- Citrus fruits prevent scurvy

Rene Laennec

1816- Invents stethoscope

James Blundell

1818- First blood transfusion

Crawford W. Long

1842- Uses ether as a general anesthetic

Joseph Lister

1867- Publishes “Antiseptic Principle of the Practice of Surgery”

Louis Pasteur

1870s- Establishes germ theory of disease and discovered several vaccines and invented pasteurization

Wilhelm Roentgen

1895- Discovers x-rays

Ronald Ross

1897- Demonstrates that malaria is transmitted by mosquitoes

Felix Hoffman

1899- Develops aspirin

Karl Landsteiner

1901- First describes ABO, B, AB, and O blood groups

Fredrick Gowland Hopkins

1906- Suggests existence of vitamins and concludes they’re essential to health

Paul Dudley White

1913- One of the first cardiologists; pioneers use of EKGs

Edward Mellanby

1921- Discovers that lack of vitamin D causes rickets

1922- First uses insulin to treat diabetes

Alexander Fleming

1928- Discovers penicillin

Gerhard Domagk

1932- Discovers sulfonamides and synthetic antibiotics

John H. Gibbon Jr.

1935- Successfully uses heart-lung machine (on cat) to continue circulating blood while patient was in surgery

Selman A. Waksman

1943- Discovers streptomycin

Paul Zoll

1952- Develops first cardiac pacemaker

James Watson, Francis Crick

1953- Discovered double helix

Joseph E. Murray

1954- Performs kidney transplant

Luc Monatagnier, Anthony Galo

1983- Discovered the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

James Thomson

2007- How to use human skin cells to create embryonic stem cells

Laurent Lantieri

2008- First full face transplant

Deborah Persaud

2013- First baby cured of HIV in the US

Researchers at Boston Massachusetts General Hospital

2013- First kidney grown in vitro in the US

Fredrick Banting and Charles Best

Showed that an extract of the hormone insulin lowered blood sugar in dogs and might be useful in the treatment of diabetes

Aristotle

Described much of human anatomy from observations from dissections of animals

Asclepius

Greek god of healing and medicine

Roger Bacon

Responsible for scientific methods

Claudius Galen

Proved that blood flowed through arteries rather than air

Florence Nightingale

Responsible for improving the unsanitary conditions at a British base hospital during the Crimean War and reducing the death count

Paracelsus

Introduced Laudanum

it was a dogma that these were believed to both create and cure illness

Gods

Many ancient beliefs and treatments were determined from the _____ of believers

dreams and visions.

An analgesic made from the poppy plant?

Opium

Current Symbol of the WHO and the AMA

Rod of Asclepius

This is a cut made in the skull to give an evil spirit a portal through.

Trephining

A spiritual person in a tribe who cared for the health of the tribe members? 

Shaman

In 1902, the _____ adopted the caduceus and an emblem of the Medical Corp?

U.S. Army

A principle laid down by an authority as incontrovertibly true?

Dogma

These were used for centuries for minor ailments such as intestinal problems, arthritis and gout

Herbs

Often mistakenly used for the symbol of medicine?

Caduceus

A wingless walking stick with a single serpent wrapped around it

Rod with Asclepius

Materials used for remedies in ancient times (3)

Minerals

animals

plants

In ancient times, many believed disease was caused by this

Evil spirits

The science of art dealing with the maintenance of health and disease

Medicine

Term used from 1700’s to mid 1800’s to describe pharmacists

Druggist

Who fills prescriptions and other non-discretionary tasks?

Pharm Tech

Who dispenses drugs and counsels patients on use of drugs?

Pharmacist

Who assist pharmacist at front desk and takes payment for medication

Pharm Clerk

Issues a national exam for pharmacy technicians

PTCB (Pharm. Tech. Certification Board)

Treatment for malaria

Chona bark or quinine

Treatment for syphillis

Mercury

Used when antibiotics are ineffective

Maggots

Synthetic form of opium

Opioid

Most popular tonics for early America(contained opium and alcohol, was highly addictive

Laudanum

FDA approved use of these in medical setting in 1976

Leeches and Maggots

What is cared for and stored in a pharmacy?

Leeches

Kill bacteria and eat dead skin

Maggots

Manuka honey is used to treat skin ulcer burns and in 2012 was approved as _____ to be sold over the counter.

Wound Dressings

In the 1800’s one would blow tobacco smoke in the ear to treat what?

Earaches

The practice of draining blood and believed to release illness

Bloodletting

Sharp bones, shark teeth, thorns and sharp sticks used for bloodletting:

Early instruments or tools

Blood sucking worms to avoid amputation

Leeches

Latin term for pharmacist

Apothecary

Most states require pharmacists to attain what?

Doctorate of pharmacy degree

College students are expected to complete this in addition to 2-4 years of undergraduate study and earning a passing score on the PCAT

4-year pharmacy program

Advanced pharm techs who have ___ may perform tasks that require more responsibility

additional education

Pharm techs cannot perform duties that require…

Judgement