The gain of oxygen, loss of electrons, or increase in oxidation state
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What is reduction?
The loss of hydrogen, gain of electrons, or decrease in oxidation state
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3
What is an oxidation agent?
A species that is reduced, and causes another species to be oxidized
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What is a reduction agent?
A species that is oxidized, and causes another species to be reduced
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5
Which elements have the most variable oxidation states?
The transition metals and most main-group non-metal (excepting fluorine)
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6
What is the activity series?
A scale that ranks metals according to the ease with which they undergo oxidation
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7
What is the Winkler method?
A method that measures the dissolved oxygen content in a sample of water. It can be used to measure biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) which is a measure of pollution in water
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What is a voltaic cell?
A cell that converts energy from spontaneous exothermic chemical processes to electrical energy
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What is another name for voltaic cells?
Galvanic cells
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Where does oxidation and reduction occur in a voltaic cell?
Oxidation occurs that the anode and reduction occurs at the cathode
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What is the anode in a voltaic cell?
The negative electrode
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What is the cathode in a voltaic cell?
The positive electrode
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What is an electrolytic cell?
A cell that converts electrical energy into chemical energy by means of non-spontaneous processes
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Where do oxidation and reduction occur in an electrolytic cell?
Oxidation occurs at the anode and reduction occurs at the cathode
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15
What is a cathode in an electrolytic cell?
The negative electrode
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What is an anode in an electrolytic cell?
The positive electrode
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17
What is the molecular formula for graphite?
C
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18
What is the chemical formula of alumina?
Al2O3
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What is the function of a salt bridge in a voltaic cell?
The salt bridge provides the cations for the cathode and the anions for the anode, as well as it conducts the electron flow to complete the circuit
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