Pediatrics: Genitourinary Disorders

A set of flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts related to pediatric genitourinary disorders.

Pediatrics

The branch of medicine that deals with the medical care of infants, children, and adolescents.

Genitourinary

Referring to the reproductive and urinary systems.

Kidney

The organ that filters waste from the blood to form urine.

Ureter

The tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder.

Bladder

An organ that stores urine until it is ready to be excreted.

Urethra

The tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.

Renal artery

The blood vessel that supplies blood to the kidneys.

Renal vein

The blood vessel that drains blood from the kidneys.

Urinary tract infection (UTI)

An infection in any part of the urinary system, including the bladder and kidneys.

Wilms tumor

A childhood cancer that affects the kidneys and is typically diagnosed before the age of 5.

Nephrotic syndrome

A kidney disorder causing the body to excrete too much protein in the urine.

Acute Glomerulonephritis

A kidney disease often triggered by infections that causes inflammation of the glomeruli.

Hematuria

Presence of blood in urine.

Proteinuria

Presence of abnormal quantities of protein in the urine.

Hypertension

High blood pressure.

Hydronephrosis

Swelling of a kidney due to build-up of urine.

Cryptorchidism

A condition in which one or both of the testes fail to descend into the scrotum.

Epispadias

A congenital condition where the urethra ends in an abnormal location.

Hypospadias

A condition in males where the urethral opening is located on the underside of the penis.

Phimosis

A condition where the foreskin of the penis cannot be easily retracted.

Testicular torsion

A medical emergency where the spermatic cord becomes twisted, cutting off blood supply to the testis.

Varicocele

A dilation of the veins within the scrotum that can cause discomfort or fertility issues.

Normal Anatomy

The standard structures and locations of organs in the body.

Bladder exstrophy

A defect where the bladder develops outside the body.

Nephrology

A branch of medicine that focuses on the kidneys.

Urinary stasis

Inability to completely empty the bladder, increasing risk of infections.

Bacteriuria

Presence of bacteria in the urine.

Asymptomatic bacteriuria

Presence of bacteria in urine without any symptoms.

Recurrent UTI

The occurrence of two or more urinary tract infections within six months.

Foul-smelling urine

Urine that has an unpleasant odor, often indicating infection.

Dysuria

Pain or discomfort during urination.

Mucositis

Inflammation of the mucous membranes, often occurring after chemotherapy.

Alopecia

Hair loss that may occur as a result of chemotherapy.

Hyperkalemia

A higher than normal level of potassium in the blood.

Hypoalbuminemia

Low levels of albumin in the blood, often associated with kidney disease.

Corticosteroids

A class of drugs that reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system.

Immunization

Vaccination to protect against various infectious diseases.

Patient Education

Instructions given to patients regarding their health and treatments.

Adverse effects

Undesired harmful effects resulting from medication usage.

Nutritional intake

The amount and type of food that a person consumes.

Oliguria

A condition in which urine output is abnormally low.

Antibiotics

Medications used to treat bacterial infections.

Renal Biopsy

A procedure to remove a small piece of kidney tissue for examination.

Electrolyte monitoring

Regularly checking the levels of minerals in the blood, which are important for various body functions.

Fluid restriction

Limiting the intake of fluids to prevent kidney overload.

Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR)

A condition where urine flows backward from the bladder into the ureters and kidneys.

Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG)

An imaging test that uses X-rays to visualize the bladder and urethra during urination.

Renal Ultrasound

A non-invasive imaging technique that uses sound waves to create images of the kidneys and urinary tract.

Enuresis

Involuntary urination, especially by children at an age when bladder control is expected.

Nocturnal Enuresis

Involuntary urination that occurs during sleep, commonly known as bedwetting.

Diurnal Enuresis

Involuntary urination that occurs during waking hours.

Neurogenic Bladder

A condition characterized by bladder dysfunction (flaccid or spastic) due to neurological damage.

Catheterization

The process of inserting a thin, flexible tube (catheter) into the body, often to drain urine from the bladder.

Glomeruli

Tiny filtering units in the kidneys that remove waste products and excess fluid from the blood.

Dialysis