ADH2 Exam 3: Intro to Oncology and txs

What vax help prevent cancer? (2)

1. HPV vax

• cervical cancer

• throat cancer

2. Hep B

• decrease liver cancer

When should women start getting mammograms?

When are clinical breast exams? (2)

Mammograms @ age 40!!

• clinical breast exams q3 years (20-39)

  • the dr palpates breasts

• annually when >40 years!!

When should colon cancer screening start? and q?

• What test done annually?

Colonoscopy @ age 45!

• then q10 years

Fecal Occult Test annually!

Prostate screening start @ age? and what tests:

@ age 50

• Digital Rectal Exam (DRE)

• PSA (blood test)

What causes constipation or obstruction in cancer? (3)

What to give them?

1. Opioid use (slows GI motility)

2. Tumor pressure

3. Decreased bowel motility in general

• give laxatives

• fluids, fiber, exercise

What normal tissues are affected by chemo? (4)

1. Bone marrow

• decreased immunity

• anemia

• infx

• bruises easily

2. GI tract

• lose weight

3. Skin (fraile)

4. Hair (bald)

Chemo safety standards: (2)

1. Admin ONLY by chemo-certified RNs!! 

2. Double-gloves, gown, face shield, closed-system transfer device (CSTD)

How long are body fluids contaminated after chemo?

48-72 hrs

Complications of chemo:(6)

1. Neutropenia/ Immunosuppression

2. Thrombocytopenia

3. Anemia/Fatigue

4. Alopecia

5. N/V/ Anorexia

6. Mucositis/ Stomatitis

Priority Nursing intervention for neutropenia: (4)

1. monitor temp > 100

2. no fresh flowers (standing WATER)

3. no raw fruits and veggies

• undercooked meat, fish, eggs, pepper, paprika

4. avoid invasive procedures (IVs, Needles)

How to help chemo nausea? (3)

1. give antiemetics (ondansetron) before and after chemo

2. small frequent high-protein meals

3. oral care before meals

How to help with mucositis/ stomatitis? (4)

1. no alcohol based mouth wash

2. rinse w/ salt/baking soda or 0.9% NaCl

3. use topical anesthetics before meals

4. soft, bland foods

How to help pt w/ alopecia? (5)

1. prep pt for temp hair loss (7-10 days after tx begins)

2. select wigs/scarves before

3. protect scalp from sun exposure

4. cut hair short to lighten weight on hair follicles

5. avoid heat on hair

Nursing interventions for thrombocytopenia risk:(5)

1. monitor petechiae, bleeding gums, hematuria

2. no injections/ invasive procedures

3. soft toothbrush

4. electric razor

5. give platelets if < 10,000/mm3

External radiation therapy (teletherapy) description and Nursing Care! (3)

• Is pt radioactive?

Description:

• high energy beams delivered to precise area—Pt NOT radioactive!!!

Care:

1. verify correct markings/ tattoos

2. DONT remove tattoos!!

• or put on lotion

• deodorants

• perfumes on the site

3. loose, soft clothes and no sun exposure

Internal radiation therapy (Brachytherapy) description and Nursing Care! (6)

• Is pt radioactive?

Description:

• Radioactive source IMPLANTED near tumor (seed, implant, catheter)

• Pt RADIOACTIVE till source removed

Care:

1. Private room, door closed, “Radiation Precaution” sign

2. Wear dosimeter badge/ Lead apron!! (changes color if exposed to too much)

3. Lead container and long handled forceps in room if need to take out

4. NO preggo staff

5. Visitors 30 mins and 6 Ft away!!!

6. Pt dont move bc can dislodge seed

What safety rules at home after brachytherapy? (4)

1. NO close contact w/ Infant/ Preggo

2. Flush toilet twice

3. No sharing stuff

4. Good hygiene!