Nervous System Diagram

STUDY ON QUIZLET

function of the nervous system

receive, analyze, send and store information

Neuron

a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system: capable of receiving and sending electrical and chemical messages

3 types of neurons

sensory, motor, interneurons

motor neurons

carry impulses away from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands

sensory neurons

carries impulses from the sense organs to the brain

Interneurons (reflex)

connects sensory and motor neurons together

cell body (soma)

large portion of the nerve cell that carries out life processes (like a gun)

if something happens to the cell body

the whole cell dies

Dendrites

branch-like extensions that receive stimulus (like a trigger)

Axon

Long fiber that carries impulses away from the cell body of a neuron (like the barrel)

myelin sheath

substance that insulates the axon

nodes

gaps in the myelin sheath ------> speed up nervous impulses

axon terminals

branched ends of the axon, stores neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitters

the chemicals that are stored in the axon terminals and carry messages across the synapse

synapse

space between neurons (nerve cells)

the nerve impulse

electrical signals that flow along the neuron.

membrane potential (resting potential)

like a loading gun ----> + outside - inside

Source of the charges

sodium and potassium

action potential

positive inside and negative outside

all or non principle

the nerve cell is fired all the way @ 100% or its not fired at all

threshold

the minimum amount of stimulus needed to fire a neuron

Cerebrum

largest division of the brain, all the lobes combinedlargest

function of cerebrum

cognition, and analyzing senses

cerebellum

Small part of the brain, by the brain stem

function of cerebellum

coordination and movement —----> "muscle memory"

brain stem

Connects the brain and spinal cord

function of the brain stem

Like a switchboard operator; it regulates vital body functions

frontal lobe

The lobe at the front of the brain associated with personality and intellect -----> where we do all of our thinking!!!

parietal lobe

recognition of textures, shapes and touch as well as face recognition

temporal lobe

Hearing, and auditory processing/recognition

occipital lobe

vision

Pons

Portion of the Brain stem that Connects the cerebrum to the cerebellum

medulla oblongata

Portion of the brain stem Controls involuntary life processes such as heart rate

Mid brain

connects sensory lobes or cerebellum (P,O,T) to the frontal lobe

Step 1

Describe what happens to sodium and potassium in a nerve cell that is at resting potential when it is stimulated into action potential. Na+ is pumped out and K+ is pumped into a nerve cell

Step 2

Describe what happens to sodium and potassium in a nerve cell that is at resting potential when it is stimulated into action potential. K+ leaks out of the nerve cell

Step 3

Describe what happens to sodium and potassium in a nerve cell that is at resting potential when it is stimulated into action potential. A negative charge is created inside the nerve cell and a positive charge outside

Step 4

Describe what happens to sodium and potassium in a nerve cell that is at resting potential when it is stimulated into action potential. A nerve cell is stimulated

Step 5

Describe what happens to sodium and potassium in a nerve cell that is at resting potential when it is stimulated into action potential. Na+ gates open and Na+ rushes into nerve cell

Step 6

Describe what happens to sodium and potassium in a nerve cell that is at resting potential when it is stimulated into action potential. A Positive charge is created inside and a negative charge is created outside of the nerve cell.

Which is least closely related to Somatic, Autonomic, Sympathetic, and Parasympathetic?

Somatic

What gives the eye shape and point of attachment for muscles?

Sclera

What regulates how much light enters the eye?

Iris

What is Like the trigger of a gun

Dendrites

What is Like the Barrel of a gun

Axon

What is the peripheral nervous system

All nerve cells outside of the brain and spinal cord.

Somatic

Controls Voluntary movements

Autonomic

Controls involuntary movements

Sympathetic

Speeds up involuntary actions

Parasympathetic

Slows down involuntary actions

Cornea

Clear layer on the front of the eye.

Iris

Colored part of the eye

Lens

Focuses light by flexing.

Retina

Innermost layer of the eye that contains nerve cells called photoreceptors

Rods

Nerve cells that detect light and create images and shapes

Cones

Nerve cells that are detect colors of light

Vitreal chamber

Fluid-filled portion of the eye

Tympanic membrane

Eardrum

Cochlea

Snail-shaped structure of the ear that creates waves into nerve impulses

Eustachian tube

Equalizes pressure

Semicircular canals

Structures in the inner ear that aid in between

Outer ear

Funnel sound waves into the ear

Bones of the ear

Pass vibrations through a solid, To conserve energy and maintain the height of the wave.