Lesson 1: Basic concept of hazard

DISASTER

• a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society including widespread human material, economic, or environmental losses and impacts which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources.

HAZARD

• a dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity, or condition that may cause loss of life, injury, or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods, and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage.

• potentially damaging physical events, phenomenon or human activities.

• refers to the potentially destructive natural or human-made

• threatening event with potential to harm

EXPOSURE

• defines what is at risk from the hazard. It is the presence of people, infrastructure.

• Identifies what and who are in harm’s way

VULNERABILITY

• describes the physical, social, economic, and environmental factors that increase susceptibility to harm when exposed to a hazard. It determines how badly exposed elements will be affected by the hazard.

• Determines the susceptibility and potential severity of harm

DISASTER RISK

• the product of three components: Risk = hazard x exposure

• the higher any of these factors, the greater the risk. For example, a severe hazard will not cause much disaster if there is low exposure or low vulnerability and vice versa. Managing disaster risk involves reducing vulnerability and exposure, in addition to understanding hazards.

1.NATURAL HAZARD FACTORS
2.ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD FACTORS
3.BIOLOGICAL HAZARD FACTORS
4.MAN-MADE HAZARD (HUMANISTIC HAZARD FACTORS)

• disaster classes

NATURAL HAZARD FACTORS

• these are naturally occurring physical events arising from geophysical, meteorological, hydrological, or climate logical processes. They represent the environmental phenomena that can trigger disasters when they impact exposed and vulnerable populations.

1.GEOPHYSICS
2.CLIMATE
3.HYDROLOGICAL
4.METEOROLOGY
5.ALIEN PLANET CLASS

• sub disaster class of natural hazard

1.CLIMATE
2.PLOT MOVEMENT
3.VOLCANIC ACTIVITY

• geophysics

1.TROPICAL WIND
2.DROUGHT
3.WILDFIRE
4.ICE LAKE FLOOD

• climate

1.FLOOD
2.LANDSLIDE
3.STROM SURGE

• hydrological

1.CONVECTIVE STORM
2.OUTSIDE THE TROPICAL STORM
3.EXTREME TEMPERATURE
4.FOG

• meteorology

1.PLANET COLLISION
2.SPACE WEATHER

• alien planet class

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

• these relate to environmental degradation to changes largely caused by human activities or natural processes that increase disaster risk. This includes issues like deforestation, soil erosion, land degradation, and pollution which exacerbate natural hazards or create new risks by altering ecosystems and landscape stability.

1.SOIL EROSION
2.DEFORESTATION
3.SALINIZATION
4.DESERTIFICATION
5.ASIAN DUST CLOUD
6.WETLAND REDUCTION/DEGRADATION
7.GLACIER SUBSIDED/MELTED

• environmental degradation

BIOLOGICAL HAZARD FACTORS

• these hazards stem from exposure to living organisms or their toxic substances, including epidemics, pandemics, insect diseases or impacting agriculture and livelihoods, often amplifies under certain environmental or social conditions.

1.INFECTIOUS DISEASES
2.EPIDEMIC/PANDEMIC
3.ANIMAL-RELATED EPIDEMIC/PANDEMIC
4.INJURIOUS INSECT
5.PESTS
6.ANIMAL EVENT
7.POLLUTION

• biology

MAN-MADE HAZARD (HUMANISTIC HAZARD FACTORS)

• these hazards originate from human actions, either intentional or accidental, such as industrial accidents, chemical spills, nuclear incidents, armed conflict, and infrastructural failures. They often compound natural and environmental hazards to exacerbate disaster impacts

1.TECHNICAL HAZARD FACTORS
2.CHEMICAL REACTION HAZARD FACTORS
3.MAJOR TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS

• sub disaster class of man-made hazard

1.INDUSTRIAL DISASTER
2.STRUCTURE COLLAPSE
3.POWER FAILURE
4.FIRE
5.EXPLOSION
6.MINE DISASTER
7.WARFARE
8.TERORIST ATTACK
8..INCENDIARISM

• technical hazard factors

1.CHEMICAL LEAKAGE
2.OIL SPILL
3.RADIATION POLLUTION

• chemical reaction hazard factors

1.AVIATION ACCIDENT
2.RAILWAY ACCIDENT
3.ROAD ACCIDENT
4.SAILING ACCIDENT
5.SPACE ACCIDENT

• major traffic accidents

SINGLE-HAZARD RISK ANALYSIS

• focusses on assessing the potential for harm from a single specific hazard. it involves evaluating the probability of a hazard

• according to UNDRRR (2017), depending on the natural and potential man-made present in a community responsible individuals may conduct this as part of the methodology for risk reduction

• this method comprises hazard analysis, exposure analysis, vulnerability analysis, and capacity analysis

HAZARD ANALYSIS

• the required information for a hazard analysis can be gathered by collating historical reports from LGUs and various media agencies. You can utilize a set of tools to create a hazard analysis for your chosen community

1.COMMUNITY-BASED DISASTER HISTORY TABLE
2.HAZARD AND VULNERABILITY MAP
3.FACTOR-BASED ANALYSIS

• types of hazard analysis

COMMUNITY-BASED DISASTER HISTORY TABLE

• records past disasters expressed by a community to help understand local hazard patterns

• it can be applied at the national, regional, municipal, and barangay levels

HAZARD AND VULNERABILITY MAP

• it identifies areas in a community that are highly, moderately, or less vulnerable to specific hazards

• this map helps local government units (lgu) effectively share information and implement disaster risk reduction and management protocols, especially evacuation

FACTOR-BASED ANALYSIS

• is a hazard characterization tool that provides deeper understanding of risks

• it also supports the developments of community-based disaster risk reduction management plants, similar to hazard and vulnerability map