Entomology

UCR ENTM 010

Abdomen structure/ function

The abdomen is the back section of an insect's body, primarily responsible for digestive, reproductive, and respiratory organs. It plays a critical role in movement and flexibility.

Ametabolous development

Ametabolous development refers to a type of insect development where the young resemble miniature adults, without distinct larval stages. This type of development is typical in insects like silverfish and bristletails.

Annelida

A phylum of invertebrate animals known as segmented worms, including earthworms and leeches. Annelids have bodies divided into segments and exhibit both aquatic and terrestrial habitats.

Antenna types

1. Geniculate: elbow shaped antennae

2. Plumose: feathery-like antennae (male mosquitos)

3. Aristate - bristle like antennae

Aposematic coloration

a way for insects to warn to predators (mimicry) by using bright colors or patterns that indicate toxicity or unpalatability.

Arthropoda

A phylum of invertebrate animals characterized by jointed limbs, a chitinous exoskeleton, and segmented bodies, including insects, arachnids, and crustaceans.

Auditory receptor

A sensory organ in insects that detects sound vibrations, often located on the antennae, thorax, abdomen

Binomial nomenclature

Hierarchical system to place organisms in relation to each other.(e.g., Kingdom, Phylum, Class (Super and sub), Order, Family, Genus, Species)

Biodiversity and abundance of insects

1. Based on the number of known species (all animals, all plants, all virus, all bacteria, all fungi…), of the approximately 2.1 million presently recognized, about 1 million are insects.

2. This term refers to the variety of different insect species and their populations within a specific ecosystem or environment. It highlights the ecological importance and roles that insects play in maintaining healthy ecosystems.

Body design of insects

refers to the structural and functional characteristics that define the physical form of insects, including their segmentation, exoskeleton, and specialized appendages.

Book lung

a respiratory structure found in certain arachnids, consisting of stacked, thin membranes that allow for gas exchange.

Centipede vs. millipede

Centipedes are elongated arthropods with one pair of legs per body segment and are typically carnivorous, while millipedes have two pairs of legs per segment and primarily feed on decaying plant matter.

Cephalothorax

the fused body region of an spider that combines the head and thorax, housing the eyes, mouthparts, and legs.

Cerci

Singular of cercus, sticks out from tip of abdomen, sense wind and air movements, Earwigs = pinchers

Chelicerata

a subphylum of arthropods that includes arachnids, such as spiders and scorpions, which possess chelicerae, or jaw-like mouthparts.

Chemoreception

pheromones: trail marking, aggregation, sex pheromone)

Closed circulatory system

blood stays in the blood vessels and is pumped by the heart, allowing for more efficient transport of nutrients and oxygen.

Compound eye

(Ocellus) type of eye found in insects and some crustaceans, consisting of many small visual units called ommatidia.

Responds to UV: nectar guide in flower - detected by pollinator insects.

Crustacea

a diverse group of aquatic arthropods, including crabs, lobsters, and shrimp, characterized by a hard exoskeleton and two pairs of antennae.

Diapause

period of dormancy (state of suspended/slowed growth) that some insects enter in response to environmental conditions, allowing them to survive unfavorable conditions.

what are the different types of metamorphosis?

1. Ametabolous: group, most primitive (silverfish, brisitletails) - adult, sexually mature. Adults look identical to nymphs

2. Hemimetabolous: incomplete metamorphosis. Adults and immature: adults look like nymph expect for wings. Adults and

3. Holometabolous: complete metamorphosis, adults different from larvae, PUPAL stage. WINGS, sexually mature.

Dorsal vessel

Ecdysone

Ecological implication of insect
metamorphosis

Exuviae

Fat body

Female accessory gland

Functions of insect body regions

Gas exchange

Head structure / function

Hemimetabolous development

Hexapoda

Holometabolous development

Hormonal regulation of insect
metamorphosis

Insect body size

Insect brain

Insect digestive system / alimentary cana

Insect excretory system

Insect hemolymph

Insect leg structure / types

Insect metamorphosis

Insect molting process

Insect tagmata

Insect wing structure / types

Insects as food

Instar

Male / female reproductive organ

Male accessory gland

Malpighian tubule

Mechanoreception

Modifications of insect wing

Molting

Monophyletic group

Ocelli

Ommatidia

Onychophora

Open circulatory system

Ostia

Parthenogenesis

Polyphyletic group

Polyphyletic group

Reason to study insects

Reasons for the evolutionary “success” of
insects

Rectum

Reflexive bleeding

Relationship among taxa

Respiratory organs

Sexual selection vs. natural selection

Sociality in insect

Spermatheca

Spermatophore

Spiders

Stadium

Stemmata

Strong benefit of complete metamorphosis

Structure of insect exoskeleton

Structures on insect abdomen

Territorial behavior

Thorax structure / function

Tracheal system

Types of mimicry

Ventral nerve cord

What is evolution?

What is insect?

Why study insects?