DSM-5-TR - Ch.1 Vocabulary

Intellectual developmental disorder

Usually begins in infancy; low intelligence that causes need for special help in coping with life.

Borderline intellectual functioning

Term for persons nominally ranked in IQ range 71-84 who do not have coping problems associated with intellectual developmental disorder.

Autism spectrum disorder

From early childhood, impaired social interactions and communications, and stereotyped behaviors and interests.

Global developmental delay

Use when a child under age 5 seems to be falling behind developmentally but degree cannot be reliably assessed.

Unspecified intellectual developmental disorder

Use when a child at least 5 years old cannot be reliably assessed, perhaps due to physical or mental impairment.

Language disorder

Child's delay in using spoken and written language characterized by limited vocabulary, grammatically incorrect sentences, or trouble understanding words or sentences.

Social (pragmatic) communication disorder

Despite adequate vocabulary and ability to create sentences, trouble with practical use of language; conversational interactions tend to be inappropriate.

Speech sound disorder

Difficulty producing sounds of normal speech limits ability to be understood.

Childhood-onset fluency disorder (stuttering)

Normal fluency of speech is frequently disrupted.

Selective mutism

Child chooses not to talk except when alone or with select intimates; DSM-5-TR lists as anxiety disorder.

Specific learning disorder

May involve problems with reading, mathematics, or written expression.

Academic or educational problems

Z-codes used when a scholastic problem other than a learning disorder is focus of treatment.

Unspecified communication disorder

Use for communication problems where not enough information to make specific diagnosis.

Developmental coordination disorder

Patient is slow to develop motor coordination; some also have ADHD or learning disorders.

Stereotypic movement disorder

Patients repeatedly rock, bang their heads, bite themselves, or pick at their own skin or body orifices.

Tourette's disorder

Multiple vocal and motor tics occur frequently throughout the day.

Persistent (chronic) motor or vocal tic disorder

Patient has either motor or vocal tics, but not both.

Provisional tic disorder

Tics occur for no longer than 1 year.

Other specified, or unspecified, tic disorder

Use for tics that do not meet criteria for preceding tic disorders.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Common condition abbreviated ADHD; patients hyperactive, impulsive, or inattentive, often all three.

Oppositional defiant disorder

Multiple examples of negativistic behavior persist for at least 6 months.

Conduct disorder

Child persistently violates rules or rights of others.

Pica

Patient eats material that is not food.

Rumination disorder

Persistent regurgitation and chewing of food already eaten.

Encoresis

At age 4 or later, repeatedly passes feces into clothing or onto floor.

Enuresis

At age 5 or later, repeated voiding of urine into bedding or clothing.

Non-rapid eye movement sleep arousal disorder, sleep terror type

During first part of night, cry out in apparent fear; often don't really wake up; pathological only in adults, not children.

Parent-child relational problem

Z-code used when no mental disorder but child and parent have problems getting along.

Sibling relational problem

Z62.891 used for difficulties between siblings.

Problems related to abuse or neglect

Z-codes for difficulties from neglect or physical or sexual abuse of children.

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Child's mood persistently negative between severe temper outbursts.

Separation anxiety disorder

Patient becomes anxious when apart from parent or away from home.

Posttraumatic stress disorder in preschool children

Children repeatedly relive severely traumatic event.

Disinhibited social engagement and reactive attachment disorders

Evidence of pathogenic care in child who doesn't seek comfort from parents or fails expected reticence with strangers.

Gender dysphoria in children

Boy or girl wants to be of other gender.

Factitious disorder imposed on another

Caregiver induces symptoms in someone else, usually a child, with no intention of material gain.

Other specified, or unspecified, neurodevelopmental disorder

Categories for patients whose difficulties don't fulfill criteria for one of above disorders.

Adaptive functioning

Patient's ability to adapt to demands of everyday life in school, work, and home; broken into conceptual, social, and practical areas.

Conceptual (academic) domain

Depends on language, math, reading, writing, reasoning, and memory to solve problems.

Social domain

Includes empathy, communication, awareness of experiences of other people, social judgment, and self-regulation.

Practical domain

Includes regulating behavior, organizing tasks, managing finances, and dealing with personal care and recreation.

Neurocognitive disorder

Often called NCD; if behavior begins at age 18 or after, often called this; can coexist with IDD.

Genetic causes

About 5 percent of IDD; includes Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome), chromosomal abnormalities, Tay-Sachs, tuberous sclerosis.

Early pregnancy factors

About 30 percent of IDD; includes maternal substance use, infections such as rubella.

Later pregnancy and perinatal factors

About 10 percent of IDD; includes prematurity, anoxia, birth trauma, fetal malnutrition.

Acquired childhood physical conditions

About 5 percent of IDD; includes lead poisoning, infections, trauma.

Environmental influences and mental disorders

About 20 percent of IDD; includes cultural deprivation, poverty.

No identifiable cause

About 30 percent of IDD.

F70 Mild

IDD severity; IQ typically 50 to 70; 85 percent of all patients with IDD.

F71 Moderate

IDD severity; IQ ranges from high 30s to low 50s; about 10 percent of all patients with IDD.

F72 Severe

IDD severity; IQ in low 20s to high 30s; roughly 5 percent of total.

F73 Profound

IDD severity; IQ ranges downward from low 20s; about 1-2 percent of all patients with IDD.

F88 Global Developmental Delay

Use for a patient less than 5 years old who has not been adequately evaluated.

F79 Unspecified Intellectual Developmental Disorder

Use for a patient 5 years of age or older who has additional disabilities too severe to allow full evaluation.

F84.0 Autism Spectrum Disorder

Heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders with widely varying degrees and manifestations.

Communication

ASD symptom category; speech may be delayed, unusual speech patterns, idiosyncratic use of phrases.

Socialization

ASD symptom category; social maturation occurs more slowly, few friends, little apparent requirement for closeness.

Motor behavior

ASD symptom category; motor milestones typically arrive on time but behavior types mark them as different.

Stereotypes

Compulsive or ritualistic actions such as twirling, rocking, hand flapping, head banging, and odd body postures.

Echolalia

Repetition of speech; listed as a possible ASD behavior.

Asperger's disorder

Former diagnosis; can speak clearly and have normal, even superior, intelligence; relatively milder ASD.

Savantism

Special abilities in computation, music, or rote memory that occasionally rise to level of savantism.

Splinter skills

Cognitive special abilities in computation, music, or rote memory.

Level 1 (mild)

ASD social communication severity; trouble starting conversations; code as Requiring support.

Level 2 (moderate)

ASD social communication severity; pronounced deficits in verbal and nonverbal communication; code as Requiring substantial support.

Level 3 (severe)

ASD social communication severity; little response to approach of others; speech limited; code as Requiring very substantial support.

Restricted, repetitive behaviors Level 1 (mild)

Change provokes some problems in at least one area; code as Requiring support.

Restricted, repetitive behaviors Level 2 (moderate)

Problems coping with change are readily apparent and interfere with functioning in various areas.

Restricted, repetitive behaviors Level 3 (severe)

Change is exceptionally hard; all areas influenced by behavioral rigidity; causes severe distress.

F41.0 Panic disorder

Comorbid diagnosis in Temple Grandin case; severe anxiety well controlled with medication.

Predominantly inattentive presentation

ADHD coding note F90.0; inattentive criteria met but not hyperactive/impulsive criteria.

Predominantly hyperactive/impulsive presentation

ADHD coding note F90.1; reverse of F90.0.

Combined presentation

ADHD coding note F90.2; both criteria sets are met.

In partial remission

ADHD specifier; for at least 6 months impairment persists but with fewer symptoms so full criteria no longer met.

F90.8 Other Specified Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Use for prominent symptoms that don't fulfill criteria for ADHD proper; specify reason.

F90.9 Unspecified Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Use for prominent symptoms that don't fulfill criteria for ADHD proper; do not specify reason.

Tic

Sudden vocalization or movement of body that is unrhythmic, repeated, and rapid.

Complex tics

May include several simple tics in quick succession; naturally take longer.

Motor tics

Tics involving movement; first appear in early childhood; classically involve upper part of face.

Vocal tics

Tics involving vocalization; tend to begin somewhat later; may include barks, coughs, throat clearing, sniffs, and single syllables.

Coprolalia

Uttering obscenities or other language that can render the condition intolerable by family and acquaintances.

Mental coprolalia

Intrusive dirty thoughts.

F95.2 Tourette's Disorder

Entails many tics that affect various parts of body; motor tics of head usually present; eye blinking often first symptom.

F95.0 Provisional Tic Disorder

Tics are transient; typically simple motor tics that begin in 3-10 age range and wax and wane over weeks to months.

F95.1 Persistent (Chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder

Once tics present for a year, no longer considered provisional; persistent motor tics wax and wane; persistent vocal tics rare.

F95.8 Other Specified Tic Disorder

Use to code tics that don't fulfill criteria for one of preceding tic disorders and specify reason.

F95.9 Unspecified Tic Disorder

Use to code tics that don't fulfill criteria for one of preceding tic disorders without specifying reason.

F82 Developmental Coordination Disorder

Better known as clumsy-child syndrome; more or less synonymous with dyspraxia.

Dyspraxia

Difficulty in performing skilled movements despite normal strength and sensation.

F98.4 Stereotypic Movement Disorder

Behaviors driven to perform over and again without apparent goal; repetitive movement for sake of motion.

Punding

Sorting or rearranging small objects such as jewelry or pebbles; from word popularized by amphetamine abusers.

F80.2 Language Disorder

Recently devised category to cover language-related problems including spoken and written language.

F80.0 Speech Sound Disorder

Formerly called phonological disorder; substituting one sound for another or omitting certain sounds completely.

Phonological disorder

Former name for speech sound disorder.

F80.81 Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder

Formerly called stuttering; loss of fluency and rhythm; title changed to comply with ICD10.

Stuttering

Childhood-onset fluency disorder; occurs especially with consonants, initial sounds of words, first word of sentence, and accented, long, or seldom used words.

Adult-onset fluency disorder

Stuttering that begins later in life; coded F98.5.

Pragmatics

Practical use of language; involves using language for different tasks, adapting language to situation, adhering to conversation conventions, and understanding implied communications.

F80.9 Unspecified Communication Disorder

Diagnose when a problem with communication doesn't fulfill criteria for one of previously mentioned conditions yet causes problems.

Dyslexia

Specific learning disorder with impairment in reading; cannot read at level expected for age and intelligence.