Heterotroph
Require at least one organic nutrient, cannot produce their own food
Decomposer
Organism that gains its nutrients from non-living organic material
Parasite
Organism that gains its nutrients from other living organisms, the other organisms is harmed by this
Pathogenic
Causing disease
Ophiocordyceps spp
Species of fungus belonging to ascomycetes that acts as a zombie virus for ants
Mutualist
Organisms that participate in mutalistic symbiotic relationships
Termitomyces spp
Fungus belonging to Basidiomycetes that from mutualistic relationships with termites and lives in their guts to help them digest wood
Chitin
Strong and flexible polysaccharides; makes up fungal cell walls
Mycelium/mycelia
Collection hyphae, what infiltrates organisms and substances; maximizes surface area to volume ratio
Septa/septum
Act as cell walls in the hyphae; separate the cytoplasms fruiting body; best at decomposing wood and other plant matter
Basidium
Reproductive appendage of Basidiomycetes; located on the gills of the fruiting body
Septate fungi
Hypha that utilize septa
Coenocytic fungi
Hypha that lack septa; these fungi divide without cytokinesis
Arbuscules
Branching hyphae that allows fungi to exchange nutrients with living plants, reaches into the plant cell
Mycorrhizae
Symbiotic relationship of a fungus and plant roots; different kinds
Ectomycorrhizal fungi
Form sheaths of hyphae over the surface of plant roots and can grow into the extra cellular spaces
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Extends through the root walls of a plant cell into the cell itself through invagination
Zygotic meiosis
Organism consist of haploid cells and only the zygote is diploid and undergoes meiosis
Spore
A fungus’ main form duplication, built for dormancy and dispersal
Pheromones
a chemical substance produced and released into the environment affecting the behavior or physiology of others of its species
Molds
one of the structures certain fungi can form that assist in spore dispersal
Basidiocarp
Fruiting body of Basidiomycetes
Aspergillus niger
Can cause cold flu symptoms; form of black mold
Lichens
Symbiotic relationship of a photosynthetic organisms and a fungus
Yeasts
Unicellular fungi that reproduce through budding
Deuteromycete
Fungi that don't have sexual reproduction
Cryptomycetes
Unicellular fungi that have flagellated spores
Microsporidians
Class of unicellular fungi that are parasites
Chytrids
Class of fungi that are ubiquitous to lakes and soil environments; utilize zoospores
Zoospores
Flagellated spore
Zoopagomycetes
Class of multicellular fungi that are parasitic or symbiotic with animals and produce zygosporangium
Zygosporangium
A structure produced by fungi to protect the zygote during sexual reproduction
Ascomycetes
Class of fungi that produce ascospores in asci
Ascospores
Sexual spore bearing cell produced by Ascomycetes
Asci
Sacs that house multiple ascospores
Ascocarp
Fruiting body of Ascomycetes
Condida
Asexual spores of a bread mold; haploid
Conidiophores
Specialized tips of hyphae where condida are formed
Basidiomycetes
Class of fungi that posses basidium and produce sexual spores on the gills of the fruiting body; best at decomposing wood and other plant matter
Lichens
Symbiotic relationship of a photosynthetic organisms and a fungus
Mycosis
General term for an infection of an animal by a fungal parasite
What food and beverages do fungi play a role in?
Cheese
Alcohol
Bread
What pharmaceuticals do fungi play a role in?
High Blood pressure
Stop maternal bleeding
Treat bacterial infections
Suppress immune systems for transplants
Antibiotics
What life cycle is commonly found in fungi?
Zygotic meiosis