Chem 6C Topic 6

Hydronium

H₃O+

Arrhenius Acid

Has Hydrogen and produces H+ in aqueous solutions

Arrhenius Base

has hydroxyl group and produces OH- in aqueous solutions

amphiprotic

Can behave as both an acid and a base

Autoprotolysis

one molecule transfers proton to the same kind of molecule

K_w formula

[H₃O+][OH^-]

K_w at 25 deg C (room temperature)

1.0×10^-14

p(X) formula

p(X)=-log(X)

Bronstead-Lowry Acid

Proton (H+) donor

Bronstead-Lowry Base

Proton (H+) acceptor

Deprotenation

The process of removing a proton (H+) from a molecule, resulting in the formation of a conjugate base.

Pronation

The process of a proton (H+) being added to a molecule, resulting in a positively charged species.

Relationship between strength of base to strength of acid?

inversely related (weak acid=strong base and vice versa)

Contents of Weak Acid in Water

small concentration of H3O+, conjugate base, H2O, and very very small concentration of OH-

Binary Acid column rule

larger radius=stronger acid

Binary Acid row rule

greater electronegativity of Acid bonded to hydrogen means stronger acid

inductive effect

spreading out or concentration of electron density because of different electronegativity between atoms

relation of oxygen to acidity

the greater number of Oxygen atoms attached to the same kind of central atom means stronger acid