Era 3 Ap World Textbook Notes

Chapter 17-21 textbook notes and terms

Anti-Chinese Riot

A violent event in Milwaukee, 1889, fueled by allegations against Chinese laundrymen and resulting in significant anti-Chinese sentiment.

Brown v. Board of Education

A landmark Supreme Court case in 1954 that declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional.

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

The first significant law restricting immigration into the United States, targeting Chinese laborers.

Taiping Rebellion

A massive civil war in China from 1850 to 1864, led by Hong Xiuquan, seeking to overthrow the Qing Dynasty.

Meiji Restoration

A period of rapid modernization and industrialization in Japan beginning in 1868, leading to the establishment of a centralized government.

The Suez Canal

A man-made waterway in Egypt, completed in 1869, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea.

Russo-Japanese War

A military conflict between Russia and Japan from 1904 to 1905, resulting in a decisive Japanese victory.

Sati (Widow Burning)

A traditional Hindu practice where a widow self-immolates or is forced to commit suicide on her husband's funeral pyre, banned by British reformers in the 1830s.

Fukuzawa Yukichi

A Japanese educator and advocate for Westernization, particularly in education, during the late 19th century.

Bolsheviks

A faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labor Party led by Vladimir Lenin, which eventually became the ruling party in Russia after the 1917 revolution.

Industrial Revolution

The transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States from the late 18th century to the mid-19th century, characterized by the use of machines and mass production.

Indigenous Resistance

Efforts by native populations to defend their rights and lands against colonial rule, exemplified by the Mahdist Uprising in Sudan.

Cultural Imperialism

The practice of promoting and imposing one culture over others, often in the context of colonial motivations.

Zabatsu

Large Japanese conglomerates that played a significant role in Japan’s industrial growth during the Meiji period.

Eastern Question

A geopolitical term referring to the strategic competition and political considerations by the Great Powers in the Ottoman Empire and the Balkans in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

Nanjing Treaty

The 1842 treaty that ended the First Opium War, leading to significant concessions from China to Britain.

The Great Reforms

A series of reforms initiated by Tsar Alexander II in 1861 aimed at modernizing Russia, including the emancipation of serfs.

Social Darwinism

A social theory that applies the concept of natural selection to human societies, often used to justify imperialism and racism.

Taiping Heavenly Kingdom

A state established by Hong Xiuquan during the Taiping Rebellion, attempting to create a society based on his interpretation of Christianity.

White Man's Burden

A concept used to justify imperialism, suggesting that it was the moral obligation of Western powers to civilize non-Western societies.

Young Turk Revolution

The 1908 revolution led by reformist military officers in the Ottoman Empire that sought to restore a constitutional government.

Sino-Japanese War

The conflict between China and Japan, primarily over influence in Korea, culminating in Japan's victory and increased regional power.

Platt Amendment

An amendment to the Cuban constitution allowing U.S. intervention in Cuban affairs, effectively establishing U.S. control.

Grito de Dolores

The call to arms issued by Father Miguel Hidalgo in 1810, marking the beginning of Mexico's fight for independence from Spain.

Redemption Payments

Payments that freed Russian serfs had to make to buy their land from former landlords, leading to financial difficulties for many.

Decembrist Revolt

A failed uprising in Russia in 1825 by army officers seeking constitutional reform after Nicholas I ascended the throne.

Ottomanism

A reform movement within the Ottoman Empire seeking to create a sense of unity among all its subjects, regardless of ethnic background.

The Age of Revolution

A period from the late 18th to the mid-19th centuries characterized by political upheaval, including the American, French, Haitian, and Latin American revolutions.

Cultural Revival

The resurgence of cultural practices and national identity, often as a response to colonial influences, seen in movements across various societies.

Industrial Capitalism

An economic system marked by the increase of industrial production and the rise of factory work, which shaped 19th-century economies.

Siberian Railway

A key infrastructure project promoting economic growth in Russia, connecting Eastern Siberia to Western Russia.

Cultural Nationalism

A form of nationalism focused on promoting and preserving the cultural identity of a nation, often in reaction to foreign influence.

Reform Movements

Social or political movements aimed at making improvements in society, often seen in the context of resisting colonial rule or advocating for rights.