Evolution

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20 Terms

1
Evolution
Heritable change in characteristics of a population over generations.
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2
Microevolution
Small-scale changes in allele frequencies within a population.
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3
Macroevolution
Large-scale formation of new species.
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4
Species
Group of organisms that share a distinctive form.
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5
Population
Members of the same species in the same area that can interbreed.
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6
John Ray (1600s)
Developed an early classification system, introduced the species concept.
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7
Carl Linnaeus
Expanded Ray’s work, created binomial nomenclature (e.g., Homo sapiens).
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8
George Buffon (1700s)
Suggested species change over time.
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9
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
Proposed species evolve by adapting to their environment over generations.
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10
Lamarck's Theory (Incorrect)
Organisms change behavior in response to environment; traits modify and are passed to offspring.
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11
Natural Selection
Theory developed by Charles Darwin, where individuals with favorable traits survive and reproduce.
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12
Genetic Variation
Source of adaptation and survival, arising from random mutations, recombination, and random mating.
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13
Selective Breeding (Artificial Selection)
Humans select desirable traits in domesticated species, differing from natural selection.
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14
Biogeography
Study of species distribution, showing how isolated regions evolve unique species.
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15
Convergent Evolution
Unrelated species evolve similar traits due to similar environments, resulting in analogous structures.
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16
Homology (Common Ancestry)
Shared anatomical, developmental, or molecular traits indicating common ancestry.
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17
Horizontal Gene Transfer
Transfer of genes between organisms, not inherited from parents, significant in bacteria.
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18
Vestigial structures
No function but resemble ancestral traits.
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19
Orthologs
Same gene found in different species.
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20
Paralogs
Gene duplications that occur within the same species.
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