Anatomy - Pancreas and Liver Unit

All about Pancreas and Liver

Alpha Cells secrete

Glucagon

Beta Cells secrete

Insulin

Delta cells secrete

Somatostatin

What is the pancreas’ function in connection to the liver?

Balance blood glucose

Hypoglycemia

Low blood sugar

Glycogenolysis

Glycogen breakdown

Gluconeogenesis

New glucose made

Additional Diabetes Complication Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

Liver unchecked → fatty acids constantly converted to ketone for energy

What is the end result of DKA

Causes acidosis due to pH falling

Gigantism

Long bone disease happened during childhood

Does gigantism occur before or after the growth plates close

Before!

What hormone does adipose tissue release

Leptin

What hormone is associated with the stomach and appetite

Ghrelin

What does insulin do the blood glucose levels

Decreases the levels

What promotes uptake and ingestion of nutrients

Insulin

Glycogen synthesis in liver is connected to ___

Insulin

Polyuria

Constant peeing

Polydipsia

Frequent thirst

Aldosterone responsible for

Keeping water; ACTH stimulates its release

If one has liver damage and can’t respond to hormones, what did the liver lose?

Perform gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis

Adrenal glands are attached to

Kidneys

What cell type is found in adrenal medulla

Chromaffin cells

What does the adrenal medulla secrete

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

What does the adrenal cortex release

Aldosterone/Cortisol/Androgens

What is the syndrome w/too much aldosterone called

Conn’s Syndrome

What can Conn’s Syndrome lead?

Hypokalemia/Hypernatremia/Hypertension

Addison’s Disease

Too low aldosterone/body doesn’t respond

What stimulates gluconeogenesis in the liver

Cortisol

What is a useful thing cortisol can do

Suppress inflammation

What is Cushing’s disease caused by

High cortisol; most cases are iatrogenic

What is estrogen’s active form

Estradiol (Androgens)

Renin…

balances blood pressure

What does EPO do

Stimulate red blood cell production

Calcitriol….

raises blood calcium levels