The Periodic Table

Element

a pure substance made by only one type of atom

Where are the subatomic particles located in an atom?

Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus of an atom

Electrons are found around the nucleus (electron shell)

Periods (rows)

 tells you how many electron shells

Groups (columns)

tells you how many electrons are in the outer shell (valence electrons)

metals

Shiny

Good conductor of heat and electricity

Malleable

non-metals

Dull

Poor conductor of heat and electricity

Brittle

How do atoms become ions?

By gaining or losing electrons to create a full outer shell

• Lose electrons → positive ion (cation - positively charged)

• Gain electrons → negative ion (anion - negatively charged)

What charges does an ion get?

• If it loses 1 electron , charge is +1

• If it gains 2 electrons, charge is -2

Anion

negatively charges atom

Cation

positively charged atom

Ionic Bonding

a chemical bond formed through electrostatic attraction between ions of opposite charges

Transfer of electrons from one atom to another → metal and non-metal undergo ionic bonding

Covalent Bonding

- a chemical bond formed by sharing of electrons between atoms to achieve a stable outer shell

• Shares electrons to complete outer shell → shares electron between non-metals only

Naming covalent bonding and formulas

• uses -ide

• greek prefixes infront of atom

  eg: NBr3 = Nitrogen Tribromide

• between non-metals

Naming ionic compounds and formulas

• uses -ide

  eg: NaBr = Sodium Bromide

• swaps charges (formulas)

  eg: aluminum+3 chloride-1 = AlCl3

• between metal and non-metal

proton charge

+1

proton mass

1

electron charge

-1

electron mass

0

neutron charge

neutral

neutron mass

1