The Progressive Era

Teddy Roosevelt

-Born NYC

-Youngest President (age 42)

(More information at bottom of study guide)

Annexation of Hawaii

-U.S Took over Hawaiian islands as part of imperialism

(In other words U.S took over to get its resources)

Yellow Journalism

-The competition between newspapers

-Publishing sensational stories

(To sell more news)

Remember the Maine

-The Maine was a U.S battleship that exploded in Havana Harbor

(Big cause of Spanish - American war)

Spanish American War

-U.S gains Philipines, Guam , Puerto Rico

Dewey and Manilla Bay

-Admiral Dewey won a lopsided victory of the Spanish at Manilla Bay

(Destroyed Spanish without loses to his own ships)

Filipino Insurrection and Emilio Aguinaldo

-Philippines fighting for their freedom against the U.S

-Leader was Emilio Aguinaldo

John Muir

-Famous Naturalist

-Father of National Parks

1st national park

-Yellowstone National Park

Ida Tarbell

-Wrote and exposed the business of standard oil

(book and magazine)

Lincoln Steffens

-Wrote a famous book called “the shame of our cities”

-Exposing corruption in government

Jacob Riis

-Wrote the book “how the other half lives”

-Showed a lot about child labor (showed pictures)

Florence Kelley

-One of the main people working to end child labor

Jane Addams

-She started hall house to help poor and immigrants

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

-Fire in a New York City Factory

-Killed over 100 women workers

(Triangle Shirtwaist was name of company)

Recall

-Gave citizens the opportunity to recall an elected official

(Happen to a governor in California he was kicked out)

Northern Securities vs U.S

-Teddy Roosevelt used government to break up monopoly

Coal Strike of 1902

-Teddy Roosevelt was first president to get involved in a strike

(People depended on coal for winter)

The Jungle by Uptown Sinclair

-Book about the meat industry

-Written by Uptown Sinclair

Meat inspection act

-Law signed by Theodore Roosevelt

-Mandates meatpacking plants

(Illegal to misbrand meat)

Pure Food and Drug Act

-Passed to make sure they couldn’t put additives into the food

Conservation movement

-Effort to protect American wilderness and American forests

(John Muir)

William Howard Taft

-Became President after Teddy Roosevelt

Gifford Pichot

-American forester and politician

(Supported conservation movement)

Woodrow Wilson

-Elected in 1912 (Democrat)

-Split Election

Election of 1912

-4 candidates

-Republican vote was split between TR and Taft

-Wilson was democrat

-Debs was socialist

(Wilson won because of TR splitting the republicans and making Bull Moose Party)

16th amendment

Gave the national government the right to have an income tax

17th amendment

Gave the people the right to elect their own senators

(State legislatures did it in past)

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

-Initial start of WWI (His assassination)

-Next in line to run Austria Hungary

Central Powers

German Empire, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria

Allies

French, British , Russia

(Later Japan and U.S and Italy joined)

Christmas Truce of 1914

-British and German soldiers ceasefire

-Exchanged Gifts and Played Football

Western Front and Stalemate

-Western Front between Germany and France

-Ended up becoming long series of Trenches

Trench Warfare

-Troops kept in trenches to keep form being hit by artillery shells

Russian Revolution

-Tsar was overthrown and the communist took over

(Animal Farm)

Sinking of Lusitania

-British ship sunk by Germans

-Had about 100 Americans on it

Zimmerman Telegram

-German ambassador telegrams to Mexico

-Tries to convince them to go to war with U.S

-U.S intercepted Telegram

Anti-German sentiment

-A lot of Americans were opposed to Germany

-Government posters portrayed Germans badly

US enters war- when?

April 6 1917

Lafayette, we are here!

-French nobleman that helped the Americans in the Revolution

-Americans wanted to return favor to the French

(Basically the U.S citizens want to help French in honor of Lafayette, so they go and cheer Lafayette we are here.)

German offensive of 1918

-Germans last attempt to win the war

-American troops helping French gave them advantage

Eugene Debs and Freedom of Speech

-Debs gives an antiwar Speech

-Receives a 10 year jail sentence

(Served only 3 years, Supported by Helen Keller)

Schenck vs United States

-Sends out leaflets urging men to resist the draft

(Was arrested)

Wilsons 14 points

Peace proposal to find a way to prevent future wars

1.) Open Diplomacy— No secret treaties

(No alliances like Britain and France)

2.) Free trade on the seas —during peace and war

(Germanys submarine warfare)

3.) Decrease in Armaments— less weapons smaller armies

4.) Self determination for all peoples

5.) League of Nations to prevent future conflicts and becoming world wars

Armistice Day

-End of the war

-November 11 1918

Versailles Treaty

-Formally ended WWI

-Between Allied Powers and Germany
(Still wanted Germany to pay)

Reparations

-One country has to pay for damage conflicted on another

Describe the Alliance system

-Alliance system is a network of agreements between countries to support each other

-This is what caused it to become a bigger war than intended

What was the Christmas Truce of 1914?

-British and German soldiers ceasefire

-Exchanged Gifts and Played Football

(A day of “peace”)

What are the four keys points of Wilsons 14 points

1.) Open Diplomacy— No secret treaties (No alliances like Britain and France)

2.) Free trade on the seas —during peace and war (Germanys submarine warfare)

3.) Decrease in Armaments— less weapons smaller armies

4.) Self determination for all peoples

Please describe the causes of the Great War

-Assassination

-Alliance System

-Arms race (building more weapons)

While the Civil War ended slavery in US in 1865.  Cuba had ended slavery in 1850. 

False

Slavery grew in Cuba in the 1800s because of profitable sugar plantations. 

True

Jose Marti was leading Cuban activist, writer and philosopher working for independence from Spain. 

True

As the Cubans fought for independence, Americans newspapers shocked their readers with stories of terrible acts by the Spanish army

True

This was a time of yellow journalism.  Newspapers fought for readers and stories were sensationalized

True

Financial strains between the US and Spain were based on changing technology not tariffs

False

Spain sent 200,000 soldiers across the Atlantic to fight to keep control of Cuba

True

During the war with Spain, many Cubans were placed in "re-concentration" camps and died of starvation and disease. 

True

The USS Battleship Maine was sent to Havana to protect Americans living in Cuba. 

True

On February 15, 1895 the Maine exploded  and killed 268 of her crew. 

True

Some quickly assumed the explosion was the result of a secret attack by Spain.

True

The more logical reason was an accidental explosion on the ship and the view was supported by an 

Admiral's investigation in the 1970s.

True

McKinley refused to bow to public opinion and we never went to war with Spain,

False

Mr. Bedell is not really sick and probably on a shopping trip in Miami. 

False

Teddy Roosevelt was born in

New York City

As a child, Teddy Roosevelt

-studied and collected animals.

-loved being outdoors

 -was often sick with asthma

To the surprise of his family,  Teddy choose a career in

politics

Teddy Roosevelt began his elected career as a 

- member of the state of New York legislature

Teddy Roosevelt faced his biggest personal crisis when

his mother and wife died on the same day

What famous naturalist said  "....going to the mountains is going home; wilderness is a necessity..,"

John Muir

Teddy Roosevelt spent time as a rancher in the Dakota territory.

True

Teddy Roosevelt never married again

False

Teddy Roosevelt quit his government job to fight in the Spanish American War. 

True

Teddy Roosevelt. became a war hero and was elected governor of New York.

True

Roosevelt became president when he was elected in 1900. 

False

Teddy Roosevelt called them "muckrakers" but today we would call them investigative journalists. 

True

Ida Tarbell exposed the ugly, unethical and illegal business practices of Standard Oil.

True

Teddy Roosevelt is the youngest person to ever become president of the United States. 

True

President Roosevelt refused to get involved in the coal strike of 1902. 

False

Jane Addams had a heart for poor immigrants because she came from a poor family. 

False

Hull house was a place where poor people and immigrants could take English lessons, study painting, or get care for their children. 

True

"Speak softly and carry a big stick" was a saying used by Teddy Roosevelt

True