OnRamps US History U2 (Spring) Vocab

Muckrakers

investigative journalists and authors who wrote about social ills and urged the public to take action

Progressivism

a broad movement led by White, middle-class professionals for legal, scientific, managerial, and institutional solutions to the ills of urbanization, industrialization, and corruption

Alice Paul

Sought to expand the scope of NAWSA as well as adopt more direct protest tactics to draw greater media attention

The Anti-Suffragist Movement

A movement whose proponents opposed giving women the right to vote because they believed it to be contrary to nature

Booker T. Washington

An influential African American leader at the outset of the Progressive Era.

W.E.B. DuBois

Emerged as the prominent spokesperson for what would later be dubbed the Niagara Movement

Niagara Movement

a campaign led by W. E. B. Du Bois and other prominent African American reformers that departed from Booker T. Washington's model of accommodation and advocated for a "Declaration of Principles" that called for immediate political, social, and economic equality for African Americans

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

a civil rights organization formed by an interracial coalition including W. E. B. Du Bois and Florence Kelley

Woodrow Wilson's Early Efforts at Foreign Policy

-- Shared the commonly held view, American values were superior to those of the rest of the world, democracy was the best system to promote peace and stability, the US should continue to actively pursue economic markets abroad

-- However, proposed an idealistic foreign policy based on morality, rather than American self-interest, and felt that American interference in another nation's affairs should occur only when the circumstances rose to the level of a moral imperative

-- However, proposed an idealistic foreign policy based on morality, rather than American self-interest, and felt that American interference in another nation's affairs should occur only when the circumstances rose to the level of a moral imperative

Neutrality

Woodrow Wilson's policy of maintaining commercial ties with all belligerents and insisting on open markets throughout Europe during World War I

Lusitania

A British passenger ship that was sunk by a German torpedo, resulting in great loss of life

Zimmermann Telegram

The telegram sent from German foreign minister Arthur Zimmermann to the German ambassador in Mexico, which invited Mexico to fight alongside Germany should the US enter World War I on the side of the Allies

Women in WWI

-- More than 1M women entered the workforce, while more than 8M working women found higher paying jobs, often in industry

-- Many also found employment in what were typically considered male occupations, such as on the railroads, where the number of women tripled, and on assembly lines

-- However, when war ended and men returned, women were fired from their jobs

-- Women from the Women's Land Army of America stepped up to run farms and other agricultural enterprises, as men left for the armed forces

-- Approximately 30,000 American women served in the military, as well as humanitarian organizations, such as the Red Cross and YMCA

African Americans in WWI

-- Black people composed 13 percent of the enlisted military, with 350,000 men serving

-- 171 men from the Harlem Hellfighters received the Legion of Merit for meritorious service in combat

-- Nearly 350,000 African Americans had fled the post-Civil War South for opportunities in northern urban areas

-- Work in the steel, mining, shipbuilding, and automotive industries

-- African American women also sought better employment opportunities beyond their traditional roles as domestic servants

-- Despite opportunities, racism continued to be a major force in both the North and South, resulted in killings

Prohibition

Campaign for a ban on the sale and manufacturing of alcoholic beverages, which came to fruition during the war, bolstered by anti-German sentiment and a call to preserve resources for the war effort

Nativism

The rejection of outside influences in favor of local or native customs

Emergency Immigration Act of 1921

An act to limit the immigration of migrants into the United States

Ku Klux Klan

A group that was organized after the Civil war to initiate white supremacy

The 2nd Ku Klux Klan

A nationwide movement that expressed racism, nativism, anti-Semitism, and anti-Catholicism

Scopes Monkey Trial

Trial of John Scopes for teaching evolution in a public school; the trial highlighted the conflict between rural traditionalists and modern urbanites

The "New Woman"

Represented a contemporary, modern understanding of femininity, one that emphasized youth, visibility, and mobility as well as a demand for greater freedom and independence

Flappers

A young, modern woman who embraced the new morality and fashions of the Jazz Age

The Harlem Renaissance

A literary and artistic movement celebrating African American culture