Diffusion

movement of a substance from a region of greater concentration to a region of lower concentration

Factors of diffusion

• size

• temperature

• concentration

Increased diffusion rate

Increased temperatures…

Higher rate of diffusion

If concentration is higher…

Concentration Gradient

the difference in the concentration on opposite sides of a membrane 

Dynamic Equilibrium

when concentration of solutes are the same on both sides of the membrane resulting in no net movement of molecules

Osmosis

• movement of ONLY water

• from high water concentration to low water concentration through a semi-permeable membrane

Tonicity

• movement of water and a solute

• a measure of solute concentration on opposite sides of a membrane

Hypertonic

• greater solute concentration

• will shrivel

Hypotonic

• lesser solute concentration

• will lyse

Isotonic

• similar solute concentration

Passive transport

yes energy, sometimes protein

Active transport

yes energy, yes protein

Small and Nonpolar

molecules that are able to be transported through simple diffusion

Plasmolyzed

• when a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution

• water moves out of the cell causing the protoplasm to shrink