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what is the basic unit of structure and function of the nervous system?
neurons
what are the three regions of a neuron?
cell body, dendrites, axon
what are dendrites and what are their functions?
branchlike extensions that receive impulses and carry them toward cell body
what are axons and what are their functions?
extension of a neuron that carries impulses away from cell bodies
what is the white covering on cells and what is its purpose?
myelin sheath; to insulate the axon
what is a synapse?
tiny space between neurons
what is a neurotransmitter and what is its purpose?
chemicals that diffuse and signal receptor sites to open neuron channels
what is the central nervous system composed of?
brain and spinal cord
what are the functions of the CNS?
interpret sensory info and issue instruction based on past experiences and current conditions
what is the peripheral nervous system composed of?
cranial and spinal nerves
what is the function of the PNS
to communicate between all parts of the body
what are the three functions of the nervous system?
monitor changes
processing and interpreting sensory info
causing responses by activating muscles or glands
how does the nervous system control homeostasis and what is it like?
fast acting control via electrical signals (gmail)
how does the endocrine system control homeostasis and what is it like?
slow acting control via hormones being released into the blood (facebook)
what are the two divisions of the PNS?
sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) division
what is the sensory (afferent) division’s function?
nerve fibers that carry impulses to the CNS
what is the motor (efferent) division’s function?
nerve fibers that carry impulses away from the CNS
what are the two types of the motor division?
somatic and autonomic
what is the function of the somatic nervous system?
voluntary control over skeletal muscles
what is the function of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) ?
involuntary control over cardiac and smooth muscle
what are the two divisions of ANS?
sympathetic and parasympathetic
what is the function of the sympathetic division?
speeding you up in extreme situations
what is the function of the parasympathetic division?
slowing you down when body is at rest to conserve energy
what is a cell body?
a metabolic center composed of typical cell organelles
what are axon terminals?
branches at the terminal end of axon full of neurotransmitters
what is myelin and what is its function?
fatty substance covering long neurons that speed up neural transmission
what are association neurons? (interneurons)
connections between motor and sensory neurons
what does the cerebrum control?
speech, memory, logical and emotional response, consciousness, voluntary movement, and problem-solving
what are the cerebrum hemispheres separated by?
corpus callosum
what side does the left hemisphere of the cerebrum deal with?
the right side of the body
what side does the right side of the cerebrum deal with?
left side of body
what does the cerebrum look like and why?
wrinkled b/c it increases surface area (affects intelligence)
what does the cerebellum control?
balance and muscle coordination
what is function of the brain stem?
controlling homeostasis through involuntary activities
what are the three parts of the brain stem?
midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata
where does the PNS relay info?
CNS and skeletal systems
what is an automatic, unconscious response called?
reflex
which part of the brain controls a reflex?
brain stem
where does the autonomic nervous system carry impulses?
CNS to internal organs
to which division of the nervous system do sense organs belong to?
PNS
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