The Endocrine System

What is the system

made up of glands that produce and secrete hormones, chemical messengers; regulation of growth, metabolism, and sexual development; responses to stress and injury; maintains homeostasis

endocrine glands

secretions inside the body

exocrine glands

secretions outside the body (Sweat)

positive feedback

contractions during labor with oxytocin

pituitary gland

located below brain attached to the hypothalamus and the hypothalamus controls it

anterior pituitary hormones

prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH), adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

prolactin PRL

stimulates milk production from a woman’s breasts after child birth (produces dopamine as a side effect)

growth hormone GH

stimulates growth in childhood; important for maintaining a healthy body composition; also important for maintaining muscle and bone mass

adrenocorticotropin ACTH

stimulates production of cortisol by the adrenal glands; AKA stress hormone; is vital to survival by helping maintain blood pressure and glucose levels

thyroid-stimulating hormone TSH

stimulates the thyroid gland to make thyroid hormone, which in turn, control (regulate) the body’s metabolism, energy, growth and development and nervous system activity

luteinizing hormone LH

regulates testosterone in men and estrogen in women (gonadotropin)

follicle-stimulating hormone FSH

promotes sperm production in men and stimulates the ovaries to release eggs (ovulates) in woman, LH and FSH work together to allow normal function of the ovaries and testes (gonadotropin)

myostatin

hormone that inhibits muscle growth

what 3 features interact in the endocrine system

glands, hormones, and cell receptors

what parts of the cell bind with the hormone

receptor proteins

what is the primary function of the endocrine system

regulate bodily processesw

what is the most common hormonal disorder

diabetes

what effects occur from too much thyroid hormone

weight loss, sleeplessness, irritability

posterior pituitary hormones

oxytocin, antidiruestic hormone ADH

oxytocin

causes milk let down in nursing mothers and contractions during childbirth

antidiuretic hormone or adh

stored in back of pituitary gland and regulates water balance and conserves water

thyroid gland

the thyroid hormones control your metabolism, which is the body’s ability to break down food and store it as energy

thyroid hormones

thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3), calcitonin

thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3)

increases the rate at which cells release energy from carbs

calcitonin

regulates the blood concentration of calcium

BMR

basal metabolic rate: how many calories the body must consume to maintain life

disorder of the thyroid

goiter, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism

goiter

enlargement of the thyroid; most caused by iodine deficiency

hyperthyroidism Grave’s disease

the thyroid gland makes too much thyroid hormone; weight loss, hand tremors, irregular heart rate, bulging eyes, cold sensibility

hypothyroidism

the thyroid gland makes too little thyroid hormones; weight gain, fatigue, hair loss, slow heart rate

parathyroid gland

located behind the thyroid, 4 tiny glands

parathyroid hormone PTH

takes calcium from the bones t make it available in the blood

adrenal glands

located above the kidney and contains the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla; produce adrenaline

adrenal cortex

outer area

adrenal medula

inner area

epinephrine

increased heart rate, breathing rate, elevated blood pressure; fight or flight response to stress

aldosterone

helps kidneys conserve sodium and excrete potassium, maintaining blood pressure

cortisol

keeps blood glucose levels stable; response to stress

adrenal sex hormones

androgens (M) and estrogens (F)

adrenal gland disorders

Cushings disease and Addisons disease

Cushing disease