Conquest and Colonisation

Tenochtitlan

The capital of the Aztec empire, built on a lake. Modern day Mexico city is built over it.

Montezuma

Aztec emperor who was defeated by the Spanish

Hernan Cortes

Spanish conquistador(conqueror), conquered Aztec Empire.

Lake Texcoco

Lake where the capital city of the ancient Aztecs Tenochtitlan was built

Small Pox, mumps, measles, the common cold

Diseases contributed to the end of the Aztec civilization.

Aztec

a civilization that once lived in present-day Mexico

Sugar, coffee, chocolate, potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, corn

Food and drinks from the New World

New World

North and South America

Incas

An ancient civilization (1200-1500AD) that was located in the Andes in Peru

Francisco Pizarro

A Spanish conquistador who conquered the Inca Empire.

Atahualpa

The last Incan emperor of Peru. He was executed by the Spanish.

Conquistador

A Spanish conqueror of the Americas e.g Cortes

Explorer

A person who tries to discover new land e.g Columbus

Cuzco

The capital city of the Incan Empire, Located in present-day Peru

Hacienda

A big farm/estate owned by the Spanish in the Americas

Encomienda System

In this system, the native people had to work on the Spanish plantations (farms) for free. In return the natives protection and a Christian education.

Cattle, pigs, sheep, goats

Animals introduced to the New World

Mexico, Peru, and Bolivia

Countries conquered by the Spanish

Brazil

A country conquered by the Portuguese

Portuguese

Language spoken in Brazil

Spanish

language spoken in Mexico and Peru

12.5 million

The amount of African slaves brought to the new world

55 million

The amount of native people that died from European diseases in Americas

Christianity

The religion brought to the Americas by Spanish and Portuguese. Over 90% of Brazilians and Mexicans are now Christian

99%

The percentage of Brazilians that speak Portuguese.

over 50%

The amount of Brazilians with some African ancestry

500

the number of Spanish soldiers brought by Cortes to conquer the Aztecs

Treaty of Tordesillas

A 1494 agreement between Portugal and Spain, dividing the newly discovered lands between them. Spain took everything west of the imaginary line and Portugal took everything to the east

Middle Passage

the sea journey taken by slave ships from West Africa to the Americas

gold and silver mines

Aztecs and Incans were taken as slaves to work in these.

Every year from the middle of the 16th century to the end of the 18th century

This is how often a Spanish silver or treasure fleet (group of ships) sailed to Spain, full of silver or treasure.

Inflation

Rising prices because of the amount of gold and silver coming into Spain and Portugal'

natives

people who were originally born in a place e.g Native American Indians

Ethnicity

Identity based on nationality, religion, language and race e.g. Irish ethnicity

impact

an effect or result

conquest

A country or land gained by fighting

colonisation

the action of establishing control over the native people of an area.

Jesuit

Catholic denomination (type) known for education and missionary work

Bartholemew Diaz

rounded the southern tip of Africa, called Cape Good Hope, in 1488

Prince Henry the Navigator

Portuguese prince who promoted the study of navigation and directed voyages of exploration down the western coast of Africa.

Christopher Columbus

An Italian navigator who was funded by Spain. He mistakenly discovered the Americas in 1492 while searching for a faster route to India.

Ferdinand Magellan

The first navigator to sail around the world.

Ferdinand and Isabella

The king and queen of Spain who gave Columbus the funds that he needed to find a route to Asia.

Pedro Cabral

Claimed Brazil for Portugal

New Spain

The Spanish controlled part on the Americas

New World

the name given by Europeans to the Americas

genocide

the deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation.