Gene Expression P1

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DNA processes, Proteins, enzymes and Gene Expression

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10 Terms

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Gene Expression
The process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize a functional gene product, typically a protein.
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mRNA (messenger RNA)
A type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.
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Transcription
The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.
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Translation
The process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using the genetic information encoded in mRNA.
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Enzyme
A type of protein that catalyzes biochemical reactions and is crucial for various metabolic processes.
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Nonfunctional Protein
A protein that has an incorrect structure and therefore fails to perform its intended function.
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Transcription Factors
Proteins that help regulate the expression of specific genes by assisting RNA polymerase in binding to the DNA.
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Chromatin
The complex of DNA and proteins (including histones) in eukaryotic cells that packages genetic material.
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Active Site
The region of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction.
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Regulation of Gene Expression
The control of the timing and level of gene expression, influenced by various factors including transcription factors and hormonal signals.