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Aging Adult NORMAL findings
pubic hair decrease
penis size decrease
size of testes may be decreased and less firm to palpatation
scrotal sac pendulous with less rugae
less sperm produced around age 40
testosterone declines after age 30
Why are circumcisions done?
to lower risk of certain STIs such as HPV, herpes simplex virus, and genital ulcer disease
Testicular Self- Examination
T- timing, once a month
S- shower, warm water relaxes scrotal sac
E- examine, check for, and report changes immediately
What happens during the scrotum transillumination evaluation?
A light is held behind the scrotum so that one can easily determine whether the mass is cystic (light shines through) or solid (light blocked by the mass)
Scientific word for absent testis
cryptorchdism
testicular torsion
testicle rotates on the spermatic cord, bringing blood to the testicle from the abdomen
epididymitis
inflammation of the coiled tube at the back of the testicle
varicocele
abnormal dilation and enlargement of the scrotal venous pampiniform plexus which drains blood from each testicle
spermatocele
abnormal sac that develops in the epididymis
early testicular tumor
a painless lump or swelling on either testicle
Diffuse tumor
tumor with bad defined boundaries
hydrocele
type of swelling in the scrotum- the pouch of skin holds the testicles
scrotal hernia
visible bulge
orchitis
inflammation of one or both testicles
scrotal edema
larger than usual testicles that may look shiny or red
indirect inguinal hernia
abdominal contents protrude through the internal inguinal ring and into the inguinal canal
direct inguinal hernia
Hernia penetrates directly through the wall of the inguinal canal. Occurs over-time from chronic pressure and weakening of abdominal muscles
femoral hernia
Protrusion of a loop of the intestine through a weakened abdominal wall- located in lower abdomen near thigh.
When are hernias life threatening?
If they become strangulated and there is no blood flow to the tissue
What is tested for in a urinary function test?
color- certain colors can be correlated with etiology. meds, food, and supplements can change the color
pH
specific gravity
creatinine/BUN for kidney function (dark urine means protein or dehydration)
What is an abnormal finding when palpating inguinal lymph nodes?
enlarged, hard, matted, and fixed to one area
What is a normal finding if someone’s foreskin is intact?
Cheesy smegma underneath the foreskin after getting pulled back
History questions for the aging adult
difficulty urinating?
do they leak urine?
do they need to get up at night to urinate?
sexual function issues?
urgency incontinence
sudden loss (ex. with acute cystitis)
stress incontinence
involuntary urine loss with physical strain, sneezing, or coughing due to weakness of pelvic floor
What could trouble starting a urine stream mean?
possible kidney stone
Why is there such a high transmission rate of STIs?
many are asymptomatic
common STIs
chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, HPV, HIV, and Hep B
dysuria
pain with urination