SS - MUSCLES OF ARTICULATION

/d/

DRAWING	POSITION OF LIPS	POSITION OF TONGUE	POSITION OF SOFT PALATE
Alveolar Plosive	Lips are parted and relaxed.	Tip of the tongue blocks air at the alveolar ridge	Soft palate is raised, blocking off the nasal cavity. Air passes through the oral cavity
Complete block formed by the tongue on alveolar ridge. Pressure builds up behind the tongue as the nasal cavity is blocked.  When the tongue is lowered, the burst of air produces a plosive sound	Muscles performing this action: Relaxed, parted by opening jaw	Muscles performing this action: Tip of tongue elevated: superior longitudinal Flattened (to ensure closure laterally): vertical Tongue needs to push against ridge to ensure strong enough against building pressure: mylohyoid, posterior genioglossus To release air tongue needs to retract: inferior longitudinal	Muscles performing this action: Tensor veli palatini Levator veli palatini Superior constrictor

/t/

Alveolar Plosive	Lips are parted and relaxed.	Tip of the tongue blocks air at the alveolar ridge	Soft palate is raised, blocking off the nasal cavity. Air passes through the oral cavity
Compete block formed by the tip of the tongue on alveolar ridge. Pressure builds up behind the tongue as the nasal cavity is blocked.  When the tongue is lowered, the burst of air produces a plosive sound	Muscles performing this action: Relaxed, parted by opening jaw	Muscles performing this action: Tip of tongue elevated: superior longitudinal Flattened (to ensure closure laterally): vertical Tongue needs to push against ridge to ensure strong enough against building pressure: mylohyoid, posterior genioglossus To release air tongue needs to retract: inferior longitudinal	Muscles performing this action: Tensor veli palatini Levator veli palatini Superior constrictor

/p/

Bilabial Plosive	Lips are closed. Bilabial	Neutral	Soft palate is raised, blocking off the nasal cavity. Air passes through the oral cavity
Complete block formed by closed lips. Pressure builds up behind the lips as the nasal cavity is blocked.  When the lips are opened, the burst of air produces a plosive sound.	Muscles performing this action: Orbicularis Oris		Muscles performing this action: Tensor veli palatini Levator veli palatini Superior constrictor

/b/

Bilabial Plosive	Lips are closed. Bilabial	Neutral	Soft palate is raised, blocking off the nasal cavity. Air passes through the oral cavity
Compete block formed by closed lips. Pressure builds up lips as the nasal cavity is blocked.  When the lips are opened the burst of air produces a plosive sound	Muscles performing this action: Orbicularis Oris		Muscles performing this action: Tensor veli palatini Levator veli palatini Superior constrictor

/th/

Dental Fricative	Lips are parted and relaxed.	Tongue tip to just below teeth.	Soft palate is raised, blocking off the nasal cavity. Air passes through the oral cavity
Raised tongue tip does not completely block air passing between tongue and teeth. Turbulent airflow results.	Muscles performing this action: Relaxed, parted by opening jaw	Muscles performing this action: Tip of tongue raised: superior longitudinal Tongue flattened to form obstruction: vertical Pressure on tongue tip: mylohyoid Tongue protrudes: posterior genioglossus	Muscles performing this action: Tensor veli palatini Levator veli palatini Superior constrictor

/m/

Bilabial Nasal	Lips are closed. Bilabial	Neutral	Soft palate is lowered so that air is free to pass through the nose. At the same time, air is blocked from leaving the oral cavity by the closed lips.
Soft palate is lowered so that air is free to pass through the nose. At the same time, air is blocked from leaving the oral cavity by the lips.	Muscles performing this action: Orbicularis Oris		Muscles performing this action: Palatal elevators (TVP, LVP) are relaxed

/n/

Alveolar Nasal	Lips are parted and relaxed.	Tongue tip or blade to alveolar ridge.	Soft palate is lowered so that air is free to pass through the nose. At the same time, air is blocked from leaving the oral cavity by the closed lips.
Soft palate is lowered so that air is free to pass through the nose. At the same time, air is blocked from leaving the oral cavity by the tongue.	Muscles performing this action: Relaxed, parted by opening jaw	Muscles performing this action: Tip of tongue elevated: superior longitudinal Flattened (to ensure closure laterally): vertical Tip elevated & pushed against ridge:  mylohyoid, posterior genioglossus	Muscles performing this action: Palatal elevators (TVP, LVP) are relaxed

/k/

Velar Plosive	Lips are parted and relaxed.	Velar - back of tongue to soft palate	Soft palate is raised, blocking off the nasal cavity. Air passes through the oral cavity
Complete block formed by the tongue at back of the soft palate. Pressure builds up behind the tongue as the nasal cavity is blocked.  When the tongue is lowered, the burst of air produces a plosive sound.	Muscles performing this action: Relaxed, parted by opening jaw	Muscles performing this action: Elevation of back of tongue: styloglossus, palatoglossus Elevate body of tongue: mylohyoid Depression of front of tongue: inferior longitudinal, anterior vertical	Muscles performing this action: Tensor veli palatini Levator veli palatini Superior constrictor

/ng/

Velar Nasal	Lips are parted and relaxed.	Velar - Back of tongue to soft palate	Soft palate is lowered so that air is free to pass through the nose. At the same time, air is blocked from leaving the oral cavity by the closed lips.
Soft palate is lowered so that air is free to pass through the nose. At the same time, air is blocked from leaving the oral cavity by the tongue on the hard palate/soft palate	Muscles performing this action: Relaxed, parted by opening jaw	Muscles performing this action: Elevation of back of tongue: styloglossus, palatoglossus Elevate body of tongue: mylohyoid Depression of front of tongue: inferior longitudinal, anterior vertical	Muscles performing this action: Palatal elevators (TVP, LVP) are relaxed

/sh/

Post-alveolar Fricative	Lips are protruded	Tip and blade to sides of palate and teeth	Soft palate is raised, blocking off the nasal cavity. Air passes through the oral cavity
Raised tongue does not completely block air passing between tongue and roof of mouth. Turbulent airflow results	Muscles performing this action: Orbicularis Oris	Muscles performing this action: Blade elevated: superior longitudinal Front of tongue depressed: anterior vertical Sides of tongue raised: styloglossus, palatoglossus Elevated and pushed against ridge: mylohyoid, genioglossus	Muscles performing this action: Tensor veli palatini Levator veli palatini Superior constrictor