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Islam is a theological system that emerged from writings of
Muhammad
Quran, and the adherents Islam, regardless of race, are referred to as
Muslims
Central religious text of Islam
The Quran
(community of believers)
Ummah
Muslims were to adhere to the religious laws of Islam
Five pillars
Belief that there is only one Allah and that Muhammad is allahs messenger
Shahadah
Prayers are to be given Allah five times each day
Salah
Giving of alms, charity, to the poor 2.5% of income
Zakat
Making pilgrimage to the house of Allah in Mecca
Hajj
Fasting sunrise to sunset during the month of ramadan
Fasting
The Arabic word for god
Allah
Scared building in Mecca
Kaaba
a period of rapid Arab expansion into Persia, the Levant, the Caucasus Region, eastern Anatolia, and parts of Central Asia, South Asia, and North Africa
Rashidun caliphate (632-661 CE)
the protected people), they were generally protected by the Muslim state
Dhimmis
a substantial tax payable to the Rashidun Caliphate that could be avoided upon conversion to Islam
Jizya tax
Arabs increasingly depended on non-Arab warriors known as
Mamluks
continued territorial expansion, reaching its zenith by expanding to the borders of France and Morocco in the West and India and China in the East
Umayyad caliphate
cultural, religious, scientific, astrological, mathematically, and literary accomplishments
Golden age
They successfully crossed the Saharan desert through the use of
Camels and caravans
, the primary military and religious force for Islam would come from the Turkish
Ottoman Empire
Disputes over the rightful caliph had plagued the Muslim world since Muhammad’s death, even resulting in a violent religious split between the
Sunni and shi’a