flippin atomic structure revision

atom

smallest particles of matter made up of electrons orbiting a nucleus of protons and neutrons

molecue

two or more atoms chemically bonded to each other

particle

small unit of matter

element

a pure substance made of one type of atom

compound

a substance made up of two or more types of atoms bonded together in a fixed ratio and cannot be physically separated

mixture

a combination of two or more substance that are not chemically bonded

what is a periodic table

the periodic table organizes all discovered chemical elements in periods and columns according to their atomic number

subatomic particle

a particle smallar than an atom

• electron

• proton

• neutron

isotopes

atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

half life

the time taken for half of a radioactive material to decay

radioactivity

the release of energy from the decay of the nucleus

benefits of using nuclear energy for medicine

nuclear energy can be used to both detect and treat cancers

benefits of using nuclear energy for industry

nuclear energy can generate electricity instead of using fossil fuels

problems of using nuclear energy medicine

patients are vulnerable to receiving high amounts of radiation if not used properly, harming their bodies even further

problems of using nuclear energy industry

handling nuclear energy can result in safety concerns and can lead to diseases

Ionise

to remove electrons from an atom or molecule

radioisotope

an isotope that emits radiation

ionising radiation

 having enough radiation energy to remove the bond between an atom and electron which results in an ionized atom.

nucleus

the centre of an atom

electron shell

the space around the nucleus where electrons orbit

atomic number

the number of protons and electrons in an atom

Carbon-12

6 nuetrons

6 elctrons

6 protons

Democritus discoveries

All substances are made of small INDIVISIBLE particles

John Dalton discoveries

Atoms of different elements combine to form new substances and compounds

JJ Thomson discoveries

atoms are composed of electrons

Ernest Rutherford discoveries

Atoms are mostly empty space

Niels Bohr discoveries

Proposed that electrons orbit around the nucleus

Erwin Schrodinger discoveries

Proposed that electrons move in wave, not set in paths around the nucleus

The modern atomic model states that:

most of the mass is concentratred in the centre of the atom

proton

• definition: positively charged subatomic particle +

• location: in the nucleus

electron

• definition: negatively charged subatomic particle -

• location: orbiting the nucleus

neutron

definition: neutrally charged subatomic particle =

location: in the nucleus

Alpha Radiation

Symbol: α

Composition: alpha particles

Charge: 2+

Relative penetrating power: low

Ionising power: strong

Beta Radiation

Symbol: β

Composition: beta particles

Charge: 1-

Relative penetrating power: medium

Ionising power: medium

Gamma Radiation

Symbol: γ

Composition: high-energy radiation

Charge: 0

Relative penetrating power: high

Ionising power: very weak