atomic radius

van der waals radius

cool atoms until they pack together in a solid

covalent radius metals

½ the distance between 2 atoms in a pure crystal

covalent radius nonmetals

½ the distance between 2 bonded atoms

generalized atomic radius

average distance based on large number of measurements from many different compounds

down a group

radius increases when you move _____

across a row

radius generally decreases when you move ______

decreases

when moving across a row for main group the radius ______

generally stays constant

when moving across a row for transition metals the radius _______

increases

opening a new principal level greatly _______ radius

protons

as we add electrons across a row, we are also adding _____ to the nucleus

effective nuclear charge

determined by the number of protons in the nucleus and the shielding effect of core electrons

ineffective, core

outermost electrons are _____ (ineffective or effective) at shielding one another from the nucleus — effective nuclear charge relies more on ____ electrons

generalized atomic radius (most commonly used)

average distance based on a large number of measurements from many different compounds

decreases

in the s and p orbitals the radius ____ across a row

constant

in the d block, the radius is _____ across a row

main group elements

why does the radius decrease in the s and p orbital?

transition metals

why does the radius stay the same in the d block

as we add electrons across a row, we’re also adding protons to the nucleus, Coulomb’s law

why are heavier atoms smaller in the same row?

ionic radius

The measure of the size of an ion

cations

_____ will always be smaller than the corresponding neutral atom

smaller

cations will always be _______ than the corresponding neutral atom

bigger

anions will always be ______ than the corresponding neutral atom

anions

______ will always be bigger than the corresponding neutral atom

smaller, bigger

ionic radius gets ____ as you move right and ______ as you move down

smaller

cations are almost always _____ than anions

isoelectronic

same electron configuration

smaller, larger

for isoelectronic species: larger positive charge = _____ cation, larger negative charge = ______ anion

positive, negative

when sorting radius from smallest to largest, arrange from most _____ cation to most _____ anion

cation, anion

when sorting radius from smallest to largest, arrange from most positive _____ to most negative ______

cation, anion

for isoelectronic species: larger positive charge = smaller ____, larger negative charge = larger ____

the atom moves down a principal quantum number

why does the radius decrease a lot when losing electrons?

Zeff

Z(atomic number)-S(core electrons)

s and then d

transition metals lose electrons from which orbital first and then what?

unpaired electrons

paramagnetic

opposite of paramagnetic

diamagnetic