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Utilitarianism
A moral theory that aims to maximize happiness and minimize unhappiness for the greatest number of people.
Greatest Happiness
The goal of utilitarianism, which seeks to achieve the greatest overall well-being and pleasure in society.
Utility
A measure of the usefulness or benefit of an action, often used to determine the moral value of that action in utilitarianism
Pleasure
The positive emotional state or happiness that utilitarianism seeks to promote.
Moral Right
A valid claim or entitlement in society, justified by utility and contributing to the general happiness.
Higher Pressure
Pleasures that are considered more valuable and preferable in utilitarianism, often determined by the majority's experience of both lower and higher pleasures.
Greatest Number
The principle in utilitarianism that focuses on achieving the greatest good for the largest group of people.
Happiness
A central concept in utilitarianism, representing positive well-being and contentment.
Base Pleasure
Pleasures that are considered less valuable in utilitarianism, often associated with physical or immediate gratification.
Intent
The motivation or purpose behind an action, which utilitarianism does not solely rely on to determine moral value.
Rights
Valid claims on society that are justified by their contribution to general happiness in utilitarianism
Legal Rights
Rights that are recognized and protected by the legal system to ensure fairness and justice in society
Justice
Respecting and upholding rights and fairness in society, in line with utilitarian principles.
David Hume (1711-1776)
Utilitarianism, a significant moral theory, originated from him in mid-18th century
Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) and John Stuart Mill (1806-1873).
received its name and clearest statement from
Mill's essay "Utilitarianism," published in 1861
remains a widely taught exposition of the doctrine.
The Principle of Utility
is at the core of utilitarian philosophy, making it a consequentialist theory.
Principle of Utility
It centers on pleasure and pain, guiding our actions based on the pursuit of pleasure and avoidance of pain.
Pleasure
is considered good if it produces more happiness than unhappiness, equating happiness with pleasure.
Utilitarianism
equates happiness with pleasure and focuses on actions that maximize happiness and minimize unhappiness for the greatest number
Principle of the Greatest Number
It is not about individual pleasures but considers the collective well-being of those affected by an action.
doesn’t endorse selfish acts; it values sacrifices that lead to greater overall happiness
utilitarianism
Moral value in utilitarianism
solely based on the consequences of actions, not the intentions behind them.
Utilitarianism raises questions about
about sacrificing individual rights for the benefit of the majority.
John Stuart Mill believes
that rights are like valid claims people have in society, and they are justified because they help make everyone happy. Rights, such as free speech or a fair legal process, are important because they protect our interests and make society better overall.
educating people and influencing them in positive ways can