Biology(biomolecules)

What is the main function of carbohydrates?

They are the primary source of energy for cells.

What is the storage polysaccharide in animals?

Glycogen

What is the storage polysaccharide in plants?

Starch

Which polysaccharide forms plant cell walls?

Cellulose

What type of bond joins monosaccharides?

Glycosidic bond.

Which carbohydrate is the primary fuel for cellular respiration?

Glucose

Why can’t humans digest cellulose?

Humans lack the enzyme cellulase.

What are the main functions of lipids?

Energy storage, insulation, protection, and cell membrane structure.

What is a triglyceride?

Glycerol + three fatty acids.

What is a phospholipid?

Glycerol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group.

What bond joins amino acids?

Peptide bond.

What is a peptide bond?

A covalent bond formed by a condensation reaction between amino acids.

What can cause protein denaturation?

High temperature or extreme pH

What are nucleic acids?

DNA and RNA.

Which sugar is found in DNA?

Deoxyribose

Which sugar is found in RNA?

Ribose

Which nitrogenous base is found only in DNA?

Thymine

Which nitrogenous base replaces thymine in RNA?

Uracil

What does ATP stand for?

Adenosine triphosphate.

Where is most ATP produced?

Mitochondria

What is produced when ATP loses one phosphate group?

ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and energy.

Why is cellulose an excellent material for plant cell walls?

It forms strong, rigid fibers that provide structural support.

Why is glycogen highly branched?

Branching allows rapid release of glucose when energy is needed.